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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three enzymes used in making Mevalonate from Activated Isoprenes
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1) MEVELONATE-5-PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE
2)PHOSPHOMEVALONATE KINASE 3)PYROPHOSPHOMEVALONATE DECARBOXYLASE |
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The names of the two activated 5C pieces
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1) Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate
2) Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate |
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Activated Isoprene-> ?
By what enzyme |
Geranyl Pyrophosphate (10C)
Prenyl Transferase |
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Geranyl Pyrophosphate -> ?
By what enzyme |
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate
Prenyl Transferase |
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Squalene is formed from which cmpd?
by what enzyme |
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate
(head to head condensation) Squalene Synthase ** uses NADPH |
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Squalene -> ?
By what enzyme? |
Squalene 2,3 Epoxide
Squalene Monooxygenase |
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What does Squalene Monooxygenase use?
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O2
NADPH |
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Squalene Epoxide -> ?
By what enzyme? |
Lanosterol
Oxidosqualene Cyclase |
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Lanosterol -> Squalene by which enzyme?
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Acetyl-CoA Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (ACAT)
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3 diseases of cholesterol deficiency (cause developmental malformations)
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1) X-Linked Chondroplasia Punctata
2) Lathosterolosis 3)Smith-Lemi-Opitz Syndrome |
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how are embryonic signaling pathways linked to cholesterol biosynthesis?
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hedgehog family genes are post-translationally modified by the attachment of cholesterol
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the transcription factor that turns on HMG CoA Reductase?
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SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Element- Binding Proteins)
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What is SCAP?
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protein that prevents the release of SREBP- keeps it in the ER
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what type of protein is SREBP?
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Integral Membrane Protein )synthesized on RER)
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What is SRE?
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Sterol Regulatory Element- DNA sequence that activateds transcription of HMG-CoA Reductase
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Does Insulin or Glucagon stimultae HMG CoA Reductase?
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Insulin
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Is HMG CoA Reductase active in Phosphorylated or Dephosphorylated form?
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Dephosphorylated form (by Insulin)
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What is glucagon's action on cholesterol synthesis?
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Inhibits
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What can cholesterol itself stimulate?
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1)Proteolytic cleavage of HMG CoA Reductase
2) ACAT |
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drug that has two H's
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Compactin
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drug that has two CH3's
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Stimvastatin
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Drug that has one H and one OH
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Pravastatin
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Drug that has one H and one CH3
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Lovastatin
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Pleiotrophic effects of Statins
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-increase NO levels (eNOS expression)
-block other intermediatees of the biosynthetic pathways |
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most common bile acid
(extra COO- and 2 extra OH's) |
Cholic Acid
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where are bile acids synthesized?
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in the liver
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function of bile acids
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emulsifying agents that prepare triglycerides for hydrolysis by pancreatic lipases
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What are the cholesterol synthesis enzymes that require NADPH?
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1)HMG CoA Reductase
2)Squalene Synthase 3)Squalene Monooxygenase |
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which cholesterol synthesis enzyme uses molecular oxygen?
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Squalene Monooxygenase
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