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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sensitivity
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percent who test positive
among all who have a disease (1 - sensitivity) are false negatives, so high sensitivity rules out (SNOUT) |
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specificity
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percentage who test negative
among all who don't have a disease (1 - specificity) are false positives, so high specificity rules in (SPIN) |
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positive predictive value
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percent of positive test results
that actually represent disease |
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negative predictive value
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percent of negative test results
that actually represent no disease |
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odds ratio
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from case-control (retrospective) study comparing disease to prior risks
( WITH disease WITH risk x WITHOUT disease WITHOUT risk ) ÷ ( WITH disease WITHOUT risk x WITHOUT disease WITH risk ) approximates relative risk for dz with low prevalence |
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relative risk
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from cohort (prospective) study
risk of getting disease (D) based on risk (R) ( WITH disease / ALL WITH risk ) ÷ ( WITH disease / ALL WITHOUT risk ) |
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type I error
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stating there IS an effect when NONE exists;
to incorrectly reject null hypothesis p represents odds of type I error |
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type II error
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stating there is NO effect when one EXISTS;
to incorrectly accept null hypothesis |
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power
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probability of finding an effect (rejecting null hypothesis) when the effect is real
(+) n -> (+) power power = ( 1 - type II error ) |
