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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-2 legged animal is called a _
-4 legged animal is called a _ |
-bipedal
-quadruped |
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body terms for quadruped:
-the head or cranial (_) portion of the organism is the _ -_ is the back portion which is closest to the _ & _ |
-brain
-anterior -dorsal; -spine; vertebrae |
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-the _ is the underside or the _ region
-posterior is the _ or where the _ would be, it is the _ portion of the organism |
-ventral; belly
-tail; tail -caudal |
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-humans and frogs belong to the same _ (_)
-frogs are in the class _ -frog's characteristics are intermediate between _ vertebrates like _ and more advanced vertebrate like _ |
-subphylum; Vertebrata
-amphibia -lower; fishes -mammals |
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-anterior is also referred to as _ region
-posterior is also referred to as the _ region -kidneys are _ to the small intestines |
-cranial
-caudal -dorsal |
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-proximal is a term that means _ or _ the point of _
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-towards; nearest; origin
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-the elbow is _ to the wrist, means that the elbow is _ to the _ part of the body (_)
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-proximal
-closer; main; ORIGIN |
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-_ is a term that means farthest from the point of origin
-the _ is distal to the knee |
-distal
-foot |
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-the _ is the tube is the throat that connects the _ and the _
-the stomach is _ the the liver |
-esophagus
-mouth; stomach -dorsal |
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-muscular folds in frog's stomach is called the _ _, this helps _ and _ food
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-gastric ruggae
-digest; grind |
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-frogs chew their prey _ before swallowing, swallow _
-the small intestine is found at the _ portion of the _ -the SI is highly _ |
-briefly; whole
-posterior; stomach -coiled |
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3 parts of the small intestine:
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1.Duodenum
2.Jejunum 3.ileum |
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-small intestine location where _ _ breaks down food to their _ _ _ which are then _ across the _ of the intestine and transported to the _ _
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-digestive enzymes
-smallest chemical units -absorbed; lining -blood stream |
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-the folds of the SI are held in place by an extensive _ _ consisting of _ _
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-mesentery system
-connective tissue |
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-the pancreas lies along the _ of the _ and the _
-it may be difficult to see because it does not _ _ |
-folds; stomach; duodenum
-preserve well |
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-the pancreas is responsible for _ many of the _ used for _ in the _ _
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-synthesizing; enzymes
-digestion; small intestine |
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-several types of digestive enzymes are moved from the pancreas to the _ by a _ (_)
-the pancreas is responsible for synthesizing _ related to _ _ |
-duodenum; duct; tube
-hormones; -carbohydrate metabolism |
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-large intestine aka _
-it _ some of the _ in the digestive tract back into the _ -stores _ _ before _ in the external opening called the _ |
-colon
-absorbs; water; body -fecal waste;discharge -CLOACA |
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-in frog, _ _, _, _ & _ all exit the body through the cloaca
-the liver is a _,_ organ that occupies the _ portion of the _ |
-fecal material, urine, eggs, sperm
-large, dark -anterior; coelom |
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-the liver has _ lobes
-assists in a few _ _ functions such as the synthesis of _ |
-3
-digestive tract; bile |
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-the liver helps the body control the _ _ of the _
-it regulates the amount of _ _ & synthesizes many compounds needed by _ in the _ |
-chemical composition; blood
-blood sugar -cells; body |
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-the lungs are _ the the liver
-the lungs exchange _ with the _ |
-dorsal
-gases; atmospher |
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-the gallbladder is a _ _ under one of the _ of the _
-the liver forms a substance called _ which is used in the digestion of _ |
-small sac; lobes; liver
-bile; fats |
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-the bile is moved away from the _ by a _ and stored in the __
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-liver; tube
-gallbladder |
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-bile is carried from the gallbladders by a _ to the _ _
-the spleen is a _ _ organ that is _ to the stomach n intestine |
-duct; small intestine
-small round -dorsal |
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-in higher vertebrates, the spleen stores _ _ _
-the spleen helps _ _ _ _ |
-white blood cells
-dismantle aging blood cells |
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-the spleen stores _ _ _
-the urogenital system consists of the _ system and _ _ (_) |
-red blood cells
-excretory; reproductive organs -genitals |
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-the excretory system is involved in removing _-_ _ from the __
-consists of the _ and the _ _ |
-water-based waste
-bloodstream -kidneys; urinary bladder |
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-2 kidneys are on the _ _ of the body cavity
-kidneys are on both sides of the __ |
-dorsal surface
-backbone |
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-the main functions of the kidneys are to adjust the _ _ of the _, remove _ _ from the _, and create _ which is _ from the body
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-chemical composition; blood
-waste products; blood -urine; excreted |
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-urinary bladder can be found next to the _ of the _
-it is a _ _ _ of considerable size -_formed by the kidneys if moved to the _ for storage before _ from _ |
-base; colon
-thin collapsed sac -urine; bladder; discharge -cloaca |
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-male testes--> one _ to each _
-testes form _ cells in the _ to be released the following _ -fat bodies are _, _-_ structures |
-ventral; kidney
-sperm; summer; spring -yellow; finger-like |
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-fat bodies may be attached to the outside of each _
-females have a pair of _, one _ to each _ |
-testes
-ovaries; ventral; kidney |
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-the appearance of the ovary varies dramatically, depending on the _ _ _
-up to _ eggs can be stored in each ovary throughout the _ and _, for release in the _ |
-time of year
-10,000 -fall; winter -spring |
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-ovaries may also have _ _ on their surface
-oviducts are highly _ _ found along the _ side of the coelom. |
-fat bodies
-convoluted tubes; dorsal |
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abduction is muscle movement _ _ the body
-flexicon is muscle _/_ |
-away from
-curl/ contraction |
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-adduction is muscle movement _ the body
-extension is when you _ your _ |
-towards
-extend muscle |
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-the duodenum (part of the _ _) is _ _ to the _
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-smalle intestine
-directly connected; stomach |
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-ileum is _ _ to the _
-glottis in frogs is the _ in humans -the glottis is where _ enters the _ |
-directly connected; colon
-trachea -air; esophagus |
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-the tongue is attached in the _ on frogs and _ on humans
-tendons connect _ to _ |
-front; back
-muscle; bone |
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-at one point in time, all frogs were _meaning they had both _ and _ parts
-b/c of this males maintained _ _ which used to be an _ but now has no _ |
-hermaphroditic; male & female
-malarian duct; oviduct -function |
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-during spring, _ are released from the _ into the _ _
-cells lining the body cavity have _ which _ n create a current that pulls the _ into the _ |
-eggs; ovaries;
-coelomic cavity -cilia; bend -eggs; oviducts |
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-eggs enter the oviduct at the _ end of the _ _ near the _ through an opening called the _
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-anterior; coelomic cavity
-lungs; ostium |
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-during passage of the eggs down the oviduct, the eggs cells continue the _ of _ & are covered by a _ of _
-when the male mounts the female, _ are released out of the body through the _, and the male releases _ into the _ around the eggs -fertilization in frogs is _ |
-process; meiosis
-layer; jelly -eggs; cloaca; sperm -water -external |
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-all vertebrates have an _ _ _ consisting of bones
- |
-internal skeletal system
|
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-the skeletal system provides support for the _ _, protects the _ _, and functions with the _ system to cause _
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-soft tissues
-internal organs -muscle; movement |
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-muscles are connected to bones by _
-when the muscle contracts and shortens, the tendon _ on the _, thereby _ the bone |
-tendons
-pulls; bone -moving |
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-the vertebrae are the bones that form the _ _(_)
-the vertebrae surrounds the _ _, which carries _ to and from the _ |
-vertebral column; backbone
-spinal cord -nerve; brain |
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-transverse process: the _ _ from each _. In higher vertebrates, _ are attached to some of the processes
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-lateral projections; vertebra
-ribs |
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-clavicles are _ bones in the _ region on the _ side of the skeleton, and are commonly called the _ _
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-2
-shoulder; ventral -collar bones |
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-shoulder blades are aka _
-they're attached to the _ & are found on the _ side of the skeleton -the sternum is the _ _ |
-scapulae
-clavicles; dorsal -breast bone |
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-you'll find these bones in the front leg
(arm): |
1.Humerus
2.Radio-ulna 3.Carpals 4.Metacarpals 5.Phalanges |
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-you'll find these bones in the hind leg:
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1.Femur
2.Tibiofibula 3.Tarsals 4.Metatarsals 5.Phalanges |
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-the humerus is the _ bone of the _ _
-the radio-ulna is _ to the humerus -in humans, the radio-ulna is _ _ bones the _ and the _ |
-upper; front leg
-distal -2 separate; radius; ulna |
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-carpals are the _ bones
-metacarpals are _ bones |
-wrist
-hand |
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phalanges are both _ & _ bones
-the femur is the _ _ bone -the tibiofibia bone is _ to the femur |
-finger; toe
-upper leg -distal |
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-in higher vertebrates including HUMANS, the tibiofibia bones is _ _ bones , the _ & the _
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-two separate; tibia; fibula
|
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-tarsals are _ bones
-metatarsals are _ bones |
-ankle
-foot |
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-the _ of _ is responsible for the movement of an organism
-_ % of the mass of the vertebrate body if composed of skeletal muscle |
-contraction; ,muscles
-50 |
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-most skeletal muscles are attached at _ _ to _
-when muscles cause the limb to bend, this is a type of movement called _ |
-each end; bones
-flexicon |
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-flexicon is movement that _ the _ between _ parts
--the opposite movement of flexicon is called _ |
-decreases; angle; 2
-extension |
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-extension is a movement that _ the _ b/w parts
-muscle names are always _ & are named in _ |
-increases; angle
-capitalized -LATIn |
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-BICEPS FEMORIS is a _ found from a _ view that _ the leg and _ the thigh
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-muscle; dorsal
-flexes; abducts |
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-2 muscles found in dorsal view:
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1. BICEPS FEMORIS
2. GASTROCNEMIUS |
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-Gastrocnemius is the _ _ in the _ region of the _ _
-Gastrocnemius is an _ of the _ |
-main muscle
-calf; lower leg -extensor; foot |
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-follow the Gastrocnemius towards the foot to find the _ _ which connects the _ to a _ _
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-Achilles Tendon
-muscle; foot bone |
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-2 muscles in a ventral view:
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1.Gracilis major
2.Sartorius |
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-The Gracilis Major is a _ that _ the _
- |
-muscle; adducts
-leg |
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-the Sartorius _ the _
-your arm is capable of flexicon n extension b.c. of _ sets of muscles that work together to accomplish opposing tasks (called _ _ _) |
-adducts; thigh
-2 -Antagonistic Muscle Pairs |
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-to flex your arm, the _ muscle is _ causing the _ n _ to move
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-biceps; contracted
-radius n ulna |
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-to extend the arm, the _ muscle on the _ side of the arm is _, returning arm to its original position
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-triceps; other
-contracted |
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-all sensory organs include _ _ that relay info to the _ _ _for _
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-nerve cells
-central nervous system -interpretation |
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-presence can sense the changes in presence of chemicals (sense of _ and _), _ (touch), _ _(hearing)
-and can sense the presence and _ of _ _ (_) |
-smell; taste
-pressure; sound waves -intensity; white light -sight |
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-sclera is the _ _ _ of the eye composed of _ _
-the sclera gives the walls of the eye _ |
-white outer coating; connective tissues
-rigidity |
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(proximal or distal)
-the tarsals are _ to the phalanges -the transverse process are _ to the vertebrate -the radio-ulna is _ to the humerus |
-proximal
-proximal -distal |
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-when your legs are together they are _ & _
-when you jump your legs _ _ and are _ |
extended; adducted
-remain extended; adducted |
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-the pancreas (is related to the digestive system b/c) it releases several _ _ and releases the hormone _ which is required by body cells to _ _ into cells
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-digestive hormones; insulin
-transport glucose |
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-the GALLBLADDER (is related to teh digestive system b/c) it _ _, meaning keeping it _ in the _ of the _ _
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-emulsify fat
-suspended; fluid -small intestine |