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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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action synaptic potential
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-occur along axon
-only move in one direction -only have one strength |
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post synaptic potentials
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-where the axon hillock gets its cue
-occur at the CELL BODIES + DENDRITES -passive conduction -flexible |
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passive conduction
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starts out strong but gets weaker as moves along
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Excited post-synaptic potential (EPSP)
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-positive charge
---DEpolarizes cell body and dendrites -increases chance of an action potential |
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Inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP)
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-negative charge
---HYPERpolarizes cell body + dendrites -decreases chance of an action potential |
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temporal summation
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-a little of last message combined with next msg
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spatial summation
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the closer one has advantage
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pre-synaptic receptors
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-located on the synaptic end bulb
-Ionotonic -metabotropic |
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agonist
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a drug that mimics or increases the effects of neurotransmitters
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antagonist
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a drug that blocks the effects of neurotransmitters
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affinity
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a drug binds to the receptor (key fitting in the hole)
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efficacy
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drugs tendency to activate a receptor (Key opening lock)
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agonists
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1. Increases effect of neurotransmitter
2. Increase precursor 3. Increase exocytosis 4. Increases affinity of post synaptic receptors 5. inhibits degrading enzymes 6. slow down or block reuptake |
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affinity
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how well key fits into the lock
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efficacy
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how well key turns in the lock
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SSRI
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Selective Serotonin REuptake Inhibitors
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antagonists
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-Decreases effect of neurotransmitters
-work in opposite way of agonists -In addition, post synaptic receptors can be blocked |
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Ionotropic effects
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Start fast/end fast
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Metabotropic effects
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start slow/end slow
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autorecepters
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make sure neurotransmitter sends out right amount by Reuptake
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retucular formation
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-wakes up rest of brain
-projects transmitters all over brain -imaginary boundary around nuclei |
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cocaine
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inhibits DA Reuptake
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amphetamines
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-inhibit DA and norepinephrine reupake
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nicotine
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increases affinity of post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors
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ecstasy
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increases exocytosis or serotonin (5-HT)
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Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc)
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alerts and marks as important
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Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
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releases dopamine (DA)
-to Nucleus Accumbens -frontal cortex |
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depressants
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-suppress or inhibit areas of brain (particularly amygdala)
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opiates
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-mimic naturally occurring endorphins
-bind at periacqueductal gray -released as stress-response from pituitary |
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examples of depressants
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-alcohol, barbituates, benzodizepines
-- these bind with GABA receptors (inhibitory) ---glutamate (excitatory) |
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examples of opiates
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morphine, codine, heroine
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marijuana
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-psychoactive ingredient is tetrahyrdocannibinal (THC)
-binds w/ anandamide receptors (pre-syn. receptors) -affects w/ variety of neurotranmitter |
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what areas can marijuana effect?
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-basal ganglia (motor output)
-cerebellum -hippocampus (New memories) |
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hallucinogens
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-various mushrooms
-LSD |
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LSD
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-imitates naturaly occurring 5-HT
-reduce raphe nuclei activity -----produce serotonin -----assoc. w dreams during sleep -increase activity of locus coeneleus activation |
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neuroimaging
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visualizations of a living brain
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2 types of neuroimaging
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structural and functional
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CAT Scan
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-structural aided tomography
-series of x-ray "slides" put together |
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2 types of structural neuroimaging
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-Computer-aided tomography (CAT scan)
-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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MRI
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First, moves hydrogen atoms out of place
Then, snaps them back Which creates a wave that can be measured -so they emit a radiopulse that can be detected |
