Biopsychology Chapter 9

Front 1

ENDOGENOUS CIRCANNUAL RHYTHM

Back 1

An internal rhythm/calendar that prepares an animal for seasonal changes.

Front 2

ENDOGENOUS CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

Back 2

Self-generated rhythm that lasts about a day.

Front 3

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

Back 3

The rhythm the brain generates.

Front 4

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
(SCN)

Back 4

Area of the hypothalamus.

Mainly responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm for sleep and temperature.

Front 5

PINEAL GLAND

Back 5

An endocrine gland that releases melatonin

Front 6

MELATONIN

Back 6

A hormone that increases sleepiness.

Front 7

FREE-RUNNING RHYTHM

Back 7

A rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets or alters it.

Front 8

ZEITGEBER

Back 8

Stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm.

Front 9

JET LAG

Back 9

Disruptions of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones.

Front 10

ELECTROENCEPHALONOGRAPH
(EEG)

Back 10

Records a gross average of the electrical potentials of the cells and fibers in the brain area closest to each electrode attatched to the scalp.

Front 11

ALPHA WAVES

Back 11

Characteristic of the relaxed state.

Have a frequency of 8-12 Hz per second.

Front 12

SLEEP SPINDLE

Back 12

Characteristic of stage 2 sleep.

Consists of 12-14 Hz waves during a burst lasting for at least half a second.

Front 13

K-COMPLEX

Back 13

Characteristic of stage 2 sleep.

Consists of a sharp, high amplitude negative wave followed by a smaller, slower, positive wave.

Can occur in other stages.

Front 14

SLOW-WAVE SLEEP

Back 14

Sleep stages 3 and 4.

Neuronal activity is highly synchronized.

Front 15

PARADOXICAL SLEEP

Back 15

REM sleep.

Front 16

RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP

Back 16

Sleep stage with rapid eye movements, high brain activity, and relaxation of the large muscles.

Front 17

POLYSOMNOGRAPH

Back 17

Combinatin of EEG and eye-movement records

Front 18

SLEEP APNEA

Back 18

Inability to breath while sleeping.

Front 19

PONTOMESENCEPALON

Back 19

Part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal.

Front 20

LOCUS COERULEUS

Back 20

Small structure inm the pons.

Usually inactive but emits bursts of impulses releasing norepinephrine in response to meaningful events.

Front 21

ADENOSINE

Back 21

Breakdown product of AMP.

Neuromodulator that inhibits the basal forebrain cells that promote arousal and wakefulness.

Front 22

CAFFEINE

Back 22

Drug found in coffee/tea/soft drinks that increases arousal by blocking adenosine.

Front 23

PROSTAGLANDINS

Back 23

Chemicals in most of the body that promote sleep.

Immune system increases their concentration in response to infection.

Front 24

PGO SLEEP

Back 24

Distinctive pattern of high amplitude electrical potentials associated with REM slepe.

Front 25

INSOMNIA

Back 25

Lack of sleep that leaves the person feeling tired the next day.

Front 26

ONSET INSOMNIA

Back 26

Trouble falling asleep.

Front 27

TERMINATION INSOMNIA

Back 27

Waking too early with the inability to get back to sleep.

Front 28

NARCOLEPSY

Back 28

A condition characterized by frequent and unexpected periods of sleepiness during the day.

Front 29

CATAPLEXY

Back 29

Symptom associated with narcolepsy.

Attack of muscle weakness while the person remains awake.

Front 30

SLEEP PARALYSIS

Back 30

Symptom of narcolepsy.

Complete inability to move when falling asleep.

May be experienced by non-narcoleptics.

Front 31

HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATIONS

Back 31

Symptom of narcolepsy.

Dreamlike experiences the individual has difficulty distinguishing from reality.

Front 32

PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDER

Back 32

Sometimes linked to insomnia.

Repeated involuntary movement of legs and sometimes arms while sleeping.

Front 33

REM BEHAVIOR DISORDER

Back 33

A condition where people move around vigorously during REM periods, apparently acting out dreams.

Front 34

NIGHT TERRORS

Back 34

Experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror.

Occurs during non-REM sleep.

Front 35

REPAIR AND RESTORATION THEORY OF SLEEP

Back 35

Main function of sleep is to let the brain and body repair and restore themselves.

Front 36

ACTIVATION SYNTHESESIS HYPOTHESIS

Back 36

Cortex combines haphazard input from PGO activated parts of the cortex with whatever else is occuring, summates and interprets to synthesize a story. = DREAM

Front 37

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF SLEEP

Back 37

We evolved a need to sleep to force us to conserve energy when we would be relatively inefficient.

Front 38

CLINCO-ANATOMICAL HYPOTHESIS

Back 38

View that regards dreams as simply thinking that takes place under unusual conditions.