Biopsychology 1-6

Front 1

light

Back 1

waves of electromagnetic energy that are between 380 and 760 nanometers in length

Front 2

wavelength

Back 2

important role in perception of color

Front 3

intensity

Back 3

plays an important role in the perception of brightness

Front 4

pupil

Back 4

hole in the iris, let light in

Front 5

sensitivity

Back 5

ability to detect the presence of dimly lit objects

Front 6

acuity

Back 6

the ability to see the details of objects

Front 7

lens

Back 7

behind the pupil, focuses incoming light on the retina

Front 8

binocular dispartiy

Back 8

the difference in the position of the same image on the two retinas. it is greater for close objects than distant objects.

Front 9

fovea

Back 9

area of the retina that is specialized for high-acuity vision.

Front 10

ciliary muscles

Back 10

when we focus on a distant object, the ciliary muscles relax and the lens flattens. when we look at something near, the ciliary muscles contract, bringing close objects into sharp focus.

Front 11

accommodation

Back 11

process of adjusting the configuration of the lenses to bring images into focus on the retina.

Front 12

binocular disparity

Back 12

the difference in the position of the same image on the two retinas. greater for close objects than distant objects.

Front 13

blind spot

Back 13

the gap in the receptor lawer that is there so that the bundle of retinal ganglion cell axons to leave the eye.

Front 14

completion

Back 14

visual system uses info provided by the receptors around the blind spot to fill in the gaps in retinal images.

Front 15

surface interpolation

Back 15

the completion of color and brightness of large unpatterned surfaces.

Front 16

cones

Back 16

photopic vision. predominates in good lighting and provides high-acuity colored perceptions of the world

Front 17

rods

Back 17

scotopic vision. used in dim illumination, but lacks both color and detail.

Front 18

duplexity theory

Back 18

the theory that cones and rods mediate different kinds of vision

Front 19

convergent scotopic system

Back 19

high degree of sensitivity instead of acuity.

Front 20

nasal hemiretina

Back 20

the half of each retina next to the nose

Front 21

temporal hemiretina

Back 21

the half of the retina next to the temples.

Front 22

spectral sensitivity curve

Back 22

a graph of the relative brightness of lights of the same intensity presented at different wavelengths.

Front 23

Purkinje Effect

Back 23

something to do with the photopic/scotopic spectral sensitivity curve

Front 24

saccades

Back 24

very quick eye movements (the eye continually scans the visual field by the making a series of brief fixations, three every second)

Front 25

temporal integration

Back 25

allows the world to not vanish each time we blink

Front 26

stabilized retinal image

Back 26

disappears if the retinal image is fixed on the same receptors. the eye continuously moves so that the neurons to which the receptors are connected to continue to change

Front 27

visual transduction

Back 27

the conversion of light to neural signals by the visual receptors

Front 28

rhodopsin receptors- when they are bleached by light

Back 28

a cascade of intracellular chemical events deactivates the cycle GMP (loses its ability to absorb light)

Front 29

cycle GMP

Back 29

keeps sodium channels open, thus keeps the rods slightly depolarized

Front 30

retina-geniculate-striate pathway

Back 30

90% of the axons of retinal ganglion cells become part of the retina-geniculate-stiate pathways

Front 31

parvocellular layers

Back 31

composed of neurons with small cell bodies. top four layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 32

mangocellular layers

Back 32

bottom two laters of the lateral geniculate nucleus, composed of neurons with large cell bodies.