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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which decade is the golden age for psychology
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1880s
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Who came up with Just Noticeable Difference?
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Weber
aka Weber's Law |
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What are the basic features of sensation?
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relatively passive process
Translation of a physical signal into a neural signal 2 types |
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What are the two types of pathways that carry sensory information?
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Uncrossed (not aware)
Crossed (aware/conscious) |
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What is the difference between ipsilateral/uncrossed information and crossed/contralateral information?
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Ipsilateral information is info we aren't aware of
Contralateral information is info we ARE aware of |
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The thalamic nuclei takes care of initial perceptual processing of all sensory information except for ______
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Smell
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Where does most sensory information processing occur?
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In the primary sensory cortex
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What was Luria's 1st Functional Unit?
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Arousal/sleep/waking/attention
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What was Luria's 2nd Functional Unit?
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Acquisition, processing, & storing of info
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Which sensory modality is ipsilaterally organized?
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smell
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What is perception?
What does it require? |
Perception - learned interpretation of sensation, so it changes w/context & experience
Requires experience |
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What is Luria's TWO WAY STREET of information processing?
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-new info is perceived on basis of old info; cognitive structures then change and how we perceive new info is changed
equivalent to Piaget's idea of Assimilation and Accommodation |
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Which cortex detects?
Which cortexes perceive? |
Primary cortex detects
2ndary & tertiary cortexes perceive |
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What is Qualia?
Where is it? |
The "experience" of a perception
We don't know where it happens |
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What is Transduction?
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the conversion of physical energy into another form of energy
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What is Luria's 2nd functional unit?
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The acquisition and maintenance of information
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What is threshold?
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the intensity at which a stimulus can be detected 50% of the time
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The cell responsible for transduction of physical energy:
a. Bipolar Cell b. Ganglial Cell c. Receptor Cell d. Unipolar Cell |
c. Receptor cell
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A typical receptor cell
a. Bipolar Cell b. Ganglial Cell c. Receptor Cell d. Unipolar Cell |
d. Unipolar cell
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The 1st level integration of a number of receptor cells' output
a. Bipolar Cell b. Ganglial Cell c. Receptor Cell d. Unipolar Cell |
a. bipolar cells
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The 2nd level of sensory processing. Interpretation of stimuli begins with these
a. Bipolar Cell b. Ganglial Cell c. Receptor Cell d. Unipolar Cell |
b. Ganglial cells
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Which sensory system is the most complex & most integrated into everything else?
a. Olfactory System b. Visual System c. Auditory System d. Somatosensory e. Gustatory System |
b. Visual system
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Describe the:
Visual System |
Is the Most:
-subject to error -Protected. Has the most compensatory mechanisms -complex of the sensory systems |
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Retinal Anatomy:
What are the receptors? |
Rods (Scotopic)
Cones (Photopic) |
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Which areas of the human neocortex are devoted to vision?
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Posterior Parietal Cortex (hand eye coordination)
Prestriate Cortex Primary Visual Cortex Inferotemporal Cortex |
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What is scotopic vision?
Which receptor covers this function? |
Vision of the eye under low light conditions (low threshold, low resolution, high convergence)
Rods |
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What is Photopic vision?
Which receptor covers this function? |
Vision under well-lit conditions (ie. high threshold, high resolution, low convergence)
Cones |
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What is the dendrytic tree of the unipolar retinal cell composed of?
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Rods and cones
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The axons of these cells form the Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)
a. Bipolar Cells b. Ganglion Cells c. Unipolar cells |
b. Ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve
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This is structured like an onion with different layers of tissue
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The optic lens
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Sensory Convergence -
Higher convergence is __a__ sensitive but __b__ acute. |
a - more sensitive
b - less acute (precise) |
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Which receptor requires a lot of light and is therefore less sensitive and more precise?
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Cones (photopic vision)
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What does less ocular convergence suggest?
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That an object is farther away
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Which of the two types of receptors in the brain are most sensitive but not as accurate?
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Rods
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Sensory Convergence
Lower convergence is __c__ sensitive but ___d___ acute |
c - less sensitive
d - more acute (precise) |
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What part of the brain manages ocular convergence?
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Superior Colliculus & other brainstem nuclei
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What is Retinal/Ocular Convergence?
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Focus of eyes converges as an object nears
aka simultaneous inward movement of both eyes toward each other |
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What does Ocular Convergence have to do with depth perception?
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It creates part of the perception of depth
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What is Neglect Syndrome: Right-Left Processing?
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People with right hemisphere (parietal) damage --> lose awareness of left space
- disabling and spooky |
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What is Neglect Syndrome:
Right Neglect |
RARE - person is probably malingering
Lose awareness of right visual field |
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What are Amacrine Cells?
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Process blue/yellow, red/green, black/white
Cells that cover color vision |
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What is Chromatic Aberration?
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Occurs when diff colored lights refract at diff angles through a prism & create a rainbow effect (blurs image)
-most refracted light is highest energy light |
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What is Blur Compensation?
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When light coming thru the cornea, aqueous & vitreous humors & all the cells of the retina --> result is blurred vision.
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What type of information does the inferior colliculus process?
(visual, olfactory, auditory, or gustatory) |
auditory information
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_______ could be the source of major dissonance in perception
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visual illusions
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What is Lateral Inhibition?
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the process by which horizontal cells compensate for blurred vision
-enhances contrast at edges which can make images appear sharper |
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Visual Cortex
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