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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Semantic Animal Memories
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Broca's Area
Left Medial Occipital Lobe |
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Semantic Tool Memories
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Left Premotor Area
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus |
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Semantic Memory Convergence Area
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Left Lateral Inferior Frontal Gyrus
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Episodic Memory
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Anterior Prefrontal Cortex & Posterior Cingulate Cortex
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus |
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Procedural Memory
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Striatum, and the Basal Ganglia including the Nucleus Accumbens
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Partial Seizure
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has an identifiable focus
preceded by aura asymmetric |
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Generalized Seizure
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no point of origin
symmetric |
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Simple Partial Seizure
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starts at the focus and proceeds elsewhere
movements appropriate to focus no change in consciousness |
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Complex Partial Seizure
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starts in the temporal lobes and spreads
cognitive disturbances |
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grand mal Generalized Seizure
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tonic: 10seconds; loss of consciousness, cessation of breath, muscular contraction
clonic: 1 minute violent contractions, broken bones, shitting yourself coma: 5 minute |
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petit mal Generalized Seizure
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10 seconds of loss consciousness
blink, eye move, head turns absence seizure 3/sec spike and wave doesn't fall over |
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Primary Somatosensory Cortex
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postcentral gyrus
posterior/caudal to central sulcus |
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Somatosensory Homunculus
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(to sulcus)
Leg, Trunk, Neck, Arm, FACE |
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Primary Motor Cortex
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precentral gyrus
anterior/rostral to central sulcus |
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Motor Homunculus
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(from sulcus)
Leg, Trunk, Arm, FACE |
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Turner's Syndrome
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XO
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Klinefelter's Syndrome
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XXY
external male genitalia may need hormone treatment to induce 2nd sex characteristics and prevent breast growth some cognitive deficiencies and social awkwardness |
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Super-Male
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XYY
male external genitalia lower intelligence leads to antisocial and criminal behavior subtle physical abnormalities |
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
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XY
Wolffian system fails to develop anti-Mullerian hormone destroys Mullerian System externally female, but no uterus and a shallow vagina |
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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XX
high exposure to androgen masculinized external genitalia tomboyish / bisexual |
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5-alpha-reductase deficiency
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testosterone + 5-alpha-reductase = 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
DHT causes external male genitalia turn into "males" at 12 |
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Being In Love
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right prefrontal cortex decreases in activity
anterior cingulate cortex increases in activity insula (normally hidden under temporal lobe) increases in activity basal ganglia increase in activity |
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What neurotransmitter plays a role in age-related memory loss?
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ACh
in healthy adults, measures of cognitive ability remain stable higher educating, high income and engaging in complex, non-routine professions -- appear to protect against cognitive decline |
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glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine
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glutamate - principle neurotransmitter of cerebral cortex, excitatory
GABA - primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the cerebral cortex serotonin - mood, sleep, ecstasy; all hallucinogens act on serotonin norepinephrine - attention, wake/sleep acetylcholine - neuromuscular transmitter; released by motor info |
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processes affected by drugs
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can affect one or two
synthesis storage release receptors reuptake & enzymatic inactivation |
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agonists vs. antagonists
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agonists boost the action of a neurotransmitter
but of course this can inhibit, like bottulin toxin |
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Black widow venom, botulinum toxin, nicotine, curare
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black widow venom - releases ACh everywhere, causing convultions
botulinum toxin - inhibits release of ACh, causing paralysis nicotine - stimulates ACh receptors curare - inhibits ACh receptors |
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L-dopa, amphetamine, cocaine, schizo medication
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L-dopa - increases synthesis of dopamine
amphetamine - increases release of dopamine cocaine - inhibits reuptake of dopamine schizo medication - decreases dopamine but may lead to parkinson's |
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MDMA, SSRIs
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MDMA - releases serotonin
SSRIs - prevent serotonin reuptake |
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Brain & AIDS?
Brain parasites? TSE CJD |
aids dementia complex - initial symptoms seem mild (depression), serious cognitive and motor problems emerge
Taenia Solium - pork brain parasite, lodged in brain for 5 years and then explooode TSE - bacterial, fatal, degenerative, dementia, motor disturbance CJD - human TSE, movement & cognitive disorder |
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Addiction
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compulsive need to use a drug despite the consequences
dopamine nucleus accumbens |
