Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Free Nerve Endings
|
Small, Variable, Pain/Heat Cold
|
|
|
Meissners Corpuscles
|
Small, Fast Adapting, Discrete touch, Vibration
|
|
|
Merckel's Discs
|
Small, Slow adapting, light touch, not sensitive to vibration
|
|
|
Pacinian Corpuscles
|
Large, Fast Adapting, Deep Pressure
|
|
|
Ruffini's Endings
|
Large, Slow adapting, stretch
|
|
|
recurrent pathway
|
allows you to block perception of pain for a short amount of time
|
|
|
histamine
|
causes distress and swelling, recruits blood to area
|
|
|
these promote free nerve endings
|
serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotienes
|
|
|
diff between fibers in CNS
|
each diff fibers display a diff cap of pain
|
|
|
why is thickness of myelin important?
|
the thicker the fiber the faster the conduction
|
|
|
the two major ascending somatosensory pathways are...
|
the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway
|
|
|
dorsal column
|
touch vibration, two point discrimination, proprioception. crosses over later on.
|
|
|
spinothalamic pathway
|
pain, temp, some touch, crosses over immediately.
|
|
|
Substance P
|
released by pain fibers
|
|
|
anterior cingulate cortex
|
activated by pain info
|
|
|
descending modulation
|
activated opiod-releasing cell, inhibiting spinal cord signal
|
|
|
location of the periaqueductal gray
|
mid-brain, surrounding cerebral aqueduct.
|
|
|
periaqueductal gray
|
involved in gating of pain via higher cortical regions
|
|
|
why cant you tickle yourself?
|
it supresses the cingulate gyrus
|
|
|
Closure
|
we see things that arent their but are implied but the surroundings.
|
|
|
computer and brain analogy
|
the computer uses codes for shades of gray much like our brain
|
|
|
primary visual pathway
|
eye=> optic nerve=> optic chiasm=> optic tract=> lateral cingulate nucleus=> optic radiation=> primary visual cortex
|
|
|
pigmented epithelium
|
gives blood and nutrients
|
|
|
rods
|
black and white, shades of gray, more sensitive to light
|
|
|
cones
|
color and less sensitive to light
|
|
|
fovea
|
predominantly composed of cones
|
|
|
outter area
|
predominantly rods
|
|
|
daytimes rods are...
|
inactive
|
|
|
number of cones
|
4 million
|
|
|
number of rods
|
100 million
|
|
|
cones receptive field
|
small
|
|
|
rods receptive fields
|
large
|
|
|
cones adapting
|
rapid
|
|
|
rods adapting
|
slow
|
|
|
photodiscs
|
little plates within a rod or cone
|
|
|
phototransduction
|
photon of light strikes the rhodopsin in discs=> chemical changes through cyclic messangers=> GTP=> PDE phosphodiesterase=> closes Na+ channel=> hyper polarizes cell
|
|
|
first step to seeing
|
shut down Na+ channel
|
|
|
shutting down Na+ channel does what?
|
frees electrical activity in the optic nerve.
|
|
|
2 types of ganglion cells
|
P type and M type
|
|
|
p type
|
parvocellular (small cells), high visual acuity. cones. perception of color.
|
|
|
m type
|
magnocellular (large cells), larger receptive fields, collect info from a larger number of photoreceptors, rods, movement
|
|
|
structure of gangion cell receptive fields
|
center surround. and line detector
|
|
|
structure of the lateral geniculate nucleus cells
|
center surround
|
|
|
lateral geniculate nucleus has how many layers of cells?
|
6
|
|
|
layers of the LGN are ordered...
|
with outter ones being P type and inner being M type. also by left right left right
|
|
|
Associative visual agnosia
|
copy but cannot name
|
|
|
Apperceptive visual agnosia
|
can name but cant copy
|
|
|
V5 is responsoble for...
|
motion perception
|
|
|
muscle arrangment in the body is
|
in opposition
|
|
|
proprioception
|
sense of where your body is
|
|
|
intrafusal fibers
|
inside
|
|
|
extrafusal
|
outside
|
|
|
muscle spindles
|
part of intrafusal fibers
|
|
|
muscle fibers are sensitive to...
|
stretch and length of muscles
|
|
|
MPPT
|
neurotoxcin that destroys dopamine cells
|
|
|
Gender
|
social construction, role
|
|
|
Sex
|
biological construction, XX XY
|
|
|
transgendered
|
switched gender combination
|
|
|
pre and post natal exposure to teststeron in female mice
|
masculanized females
|
|
|
androgen blocker on male rats
|
feminized males
|
|
|
Wolfian system
|
male
|
|
|
Mullerian system
|
female
|
|
|
complete androgen insensitivity
|
genetic disoder where the androgen receptor is non functional.
|
|
|
sexual differentiation of the CNS is determined by...
|
estrogen
|
|
|
set point
|
some fluctuation in temp but feedback is not activated. normal.
|
|
|
hypovolemic thirst
|
baroreceptors detect any pressure drop from fluid loss
|
|
|
osmotic thirst
|
osmoreceptors detect any increase in osmolality of extracellular fluid
|
