Biopsych Chapter 7

Front 1

pitch

Back 1

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency

Front 2

hertz (Hz)

Back 2

cycles per second

Front 3

loudness

Back 3

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to intensity

Front 4

timbre

Back 4

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to complexity

Front 5

tympanic membrane

Back 5

the eardrum

Front 6

ossicle

Back 6

one of the three bones of the middle ear

Front 7

malleus

Back 7

the "hammer"', the first of the three ossicles

Front 8

incus

Back 8

the "anvil"; the second of the three ossicles

Front 9

stapes

Back 9

the "stirrup"; the las of the three ossicles

Front 10

cochlea

Back 10

the snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms

Front 11

oval window

Back 11

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against whcih the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea

Front 12

organ of Corti

Back 12

the sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells

Front 13

hair cell

Back 13

the receptive cell of the auitory apparatus

Front 14

Deiters's cell

Back 14

a supporting cell found in the organ of Corti; sustains the auditory hair cells

Front 15

basilar membrane

Back 15

a membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move

Front 16

round window

Back 16

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted, via the oval window, into the fluid in the cochlea

Front 17

cilium

Back 17

a hairlike appendage of a cell involved in movement or in transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system

Front 18

tip link

Back 18

an elastic filament that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium

Front 19

insertional plaque

Back 19

the point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium

Front 20

chochlear nerve

Back 20

the branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information form the cochlea to the brain

Front 21

cochlear nucleus

Back 21

one of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receive auditory information from the cochlea

Front 22

superior olivary complex

Back 22

a group of nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions, including localization of the source of sounds

Front 23

lateral lemnisucs

Back 23

a band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system

Front 24

tonotopic representation

Back 24

a topographically organized mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain

Front 25

place code

Back 25

the system by whcih information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membreane

Front 26

cochlear implant

Back 26

an electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can enable a deaf person to hear

Front 27

rate coding

Back 27

the system by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system

Front 28

fundamental frequency

Back 28

the lowest, and usually most intense, frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sound's basic pitch

Front 29

overtone

Back 29

the frequency of complex tones that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency

Front 30

phase difference

Back 30

the difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eardrums

Front 31

amusia

Back 31

loss or impariment of musical abilities, produced by hereditary factors or brain damage

Front 32

vestibular sac

Back 32

one of a set of two receptor orgain in each inner ear that detects changes int he tilt of the head

Front 33

semicircular canal

Back 33

one of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation

Front 34

utricle

Back 34

one of the vestibular sacs

Front 35

saccule

Back 35

one of the vestibular sacs

Front 36

ampulla

Back 36

an enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista

Front 37

cupula

Back 37

a gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals

Front 38

vestibular ganglion

Back 38

a nodule on the vesitublar nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain

Front 39

cutaneous sense

Back 39

one of the somatosenses; includes sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin

Front 40

proprioception

Back 40

perception of the body's position and posture

Front 41

kinesthesia

Back 41

perception of the body's own movements

Front 42

organic sense

Back 42

a sense modality that arises from receptors located within the inner organs of the body

Front 43

glabrous skin

Back 43

skin that does not contain hair; found on the palms and on the soles of the feet

Front 44

Ruffini corpuscle

Back 44

a vibration-sensitive organ located in hair skin

Front 45

Pacinian corpuscle

Back 45

a specialzed, encapsulated somatosensory nerve ending that detects mechanical stimuli, especially vibrations

Front 46

Meissner's corpuscle

Back 46

The touch-sensitive end organs located in the papillae, small elevations of the dermis that project up into the epidermis

Front 47

Merkel's disk

Back 47

the touch-sensitive end organs found at the base of the epidermis, adjacent to sweat ducts

Front 48

phantom limb

Back 48

sensations that appear to originate in a limb that has been amputated

Front 49

umami

Back 49

The taste sensation produced by glutamate; identify the presence of amino acids in foods

Front 50

nucleus of the solitary tract

Back 50

a nucleus of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from the gustatory system

Front 51

olfactory epithelium

Back 51

the epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribiform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors

Front 52

olfactory bulub

Back 52

the protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input form the olfactory receptors

Front 53

mitral cell

Back 53

a neuron located in the olfactory bulb that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of mitral cells bring information to the rest of the brain

Front 54

olfactory glomerulus

Back 54

a bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the axons of olfactory receptors