Biophysics Total Exam

Front 1

hounsfield number for compact bone

Back 1

1,000

Front 2

hounsfield number for air

Back 2

-1,000

Front 3

hounsfield number for water

Back 3

0

Front 4

hounsfield number of fat

Back 4

-100- (-50)

Front 5

what is houndfield number scale

Back 5

linear transformation of original linear attuneation coefficient measurement

Front 6

subatomic particles

Back 6

photons, leptons, mesons, baryons, quarks, formions, bosons

Front 7

leptons

Back 7

neutrinos, electrons, muons

rest mass: 0, <1

spin number: 1/2

Front 8

mesons

Back 8

pions, kaons

rest mass: HIGHER than mouns
LOWER than protons

spin number: 0

Front 9

baryons

Back 9

protons, neutrons, hyperons

rest mass: high

spin number: 1/2

Front 10

hadrons

Back 10

mesons+baryons

Front 11

quarks

Back 11

made of 6 types: e, c, t, s, b

proton udd

neutron ddu

basis of strong interaction

Front 12

dualism principle

Back 12

photoelectric effect: proves it's a particle

interface pattern: proves it's a wave

Front 13

photon energy

Back 13

expressed by

plank's equaction

E=h*f
E=h*c/gamma

Front 14

de borglie

Back 14

derived relation between the electron energy and it's wabelength

wavelength= h/p = h/(square:2m*E)

p: momentum
m:mass
E: electron energy

greater e- energy= shorter wavelength

Front 15

uncertainty relation

Back 15

if we know exactly the ENERGY released= we know NOTHING of the time necessery to execure this process

particle position, energy, momentum, temperature

precise knowledge of particles not possible

Front 16

types of radiation and what stops them

Back 16

1. Alpha radiation:paper

2. Beta radiation: thinwood/aluminum

3. X-ray radiation:thick lead, iron

4. Gamma radiation: thicklead, iron

5. Neutron radiation:water, concrete

Front 17

what keeps the shape of water droplet?

Back 17

surface tension-> forcinng it to become AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE

Front 18

grays

Back 18

Gy, derived unit of ionizationradiation dose (absorption of 1J radiation per 1kg of matter)

J/kg

Front 19

convertion from Candela to Lumen

Back 19

multiply by 4pie

Front 20

unit of loudness

Back 20

sone

Front 21

different between compton scattering to photoeletric effect

Back 21

in the compton scattering there is a secondary photon (with weaker intensity) created.

Front 22

heat rgulation at room temperature

Back 22

radiation

Front 23

mechanical power of the heart

Back 23

1.3W

Front 24

pauli's exclusion principle

Back 24

electrons cannot share the same quantum muber at the same time

Front 25

toric lenses are used for?

Back 25

compound astigmatism (mixed)

Front 26

pleural pressure during inspiration

Back 26

LOWER than expiration pressure

Front 27

viewing of urinary bladder

Back 27

cytoscope

Front 28

red color wavelength

Back 28

790nm

Front 29

what does US required

Back 29

medium

Front 30

1mW/m^2= ?dB

Back 30

90dB

Front 31

at hot temp. heat exchange is most effective to external envionment?

Back 31

evaporatoin

Front 32

most sensitive to ionising radiation

Back 32

epithelial cells, bone marrow

Front 33

treatment of myopia?

Back 33

diverging lens

Front 34

usage of barium sulfate with X-ray

Back 34

visualisation of GI

Front 35

hydrogen isotopes

Back 35

deutrium, tritium

Front 36

main component of a spectrometer

Back 36

light detector

Front 37

1st last of thermodynamics

Back 37

U=W+Q

Front 38

US to locate deep structures?

Back 38

low frequency

Front 39

protin info

Back 39

4bit

Front 40

DNA nucleotide info

Back 40

2bits

Front 41

in low PH level the macromolcules will be

Back 41

positive charge

Front 42

surface tension equation

Back 42

surfacetension= F/L

Front 43

unit of diffusion flux density

Back 43

mol/m^2/s

Front 44

spinrography used to measure

Back 44

vital capacity of lungs

Front 45

blue-green wavelength

Back 45

550nm

Front 46

wilson central terminal

Back 46

indifferent electrode in ECG

Front 47

increased voltage between anode-cathode in xray tube

Back 47

thicker patients can be examined

Front 48

MRI irradiates patient by

Back 48

radiofrequency waves

Front 49

electrotherapy advantage

Back 49

accelerated reabsorptino and allevates pain

Front 50

viscosity

Back 50

internal friction

Front 51

deep sea diver treatment

Back 51

hyperbaric chamber+oxygen

Front 52

colposcope used for

Back 52

gynocology

Front 53

ciliary muscle function

Back 53

lens curvature changing

Front 54

theta waves

Back 54

deep sleep, in children

Front 55

blood stream measurement

Back 55

doppler method

Front 56

kinematic viscosity depends on

Back 56

liquid density, temperature, dynamic viscosity

Front 57

sound velocity depends on

Back 57

frequency, substance density, wavelength, source

Front 58

alpha brain wave

Back 58

relax

Front 59

doppler method used for

Back 59

moving structures/ fluid

Front 60

complete EKG has

Back 60

12 leads

Front 61

ultrasound is produced by

Back 61

piezoelectric transducer

Front 62

P wave in EKG

Back 62

atrial depolarisation

Front 63

unsharpness of x-ray cannot induce

Back 63

gama rays

Front 64

hadrons are

Back 64

formed by combination with quarks

Front 65

type of nuclear radiation with nucleon number decreased by 1

Back 65

beta minus decay

Front 66

non newtonian solution

Back 66

haemoglobin

Front 67

diffusion rate increases when

Back 67

viscosity decreases

Front 68

linear accelerator in medicine

Back 68

teletherapy

Front 69

temp. is proportional to

Back 69

the kinetic energy of electrons

Front 70

10% absorboed in spectrophotometry, what is the transmittance?

Back 70

90%

Front 71

probe for eye ultrasonography

Back 71

high frequency probe

Front 72

formula of work done by the heart

Back 72

W=P*V

Front 73

diffusion increases when

Back 73

size of particles decreases

Front 74

hardest to break DNA bonds

Back 74

GC

Front 75

candela unit

Back 75

intensity of light

Front 76

what is the graphic relation of EKG?

Back 76

myocard-voltage and time

Front 77

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 77

entropy will always increase in an isolated system

Front 78

radionuclides used in therapy

Back 78

co60

cs137

Front 79

function of snellen's optopy

Back 79

find visual acuity

Front 80

in galvanic cell, what barrier is used to separate anode and athode

Back 80

semipermeable

Front 81

internet

Back 81

decentralized system

Front 82

what is rheobase

Back 82

minimal electrical current causes action potential

Front 83

which particles has rest mass of 0

Back 83

photon

Front 84

UV wavelength

Back 84

less than 400nm

Front 85

audiogram is a graphic description of

Back 85

loundness/ frequency

Front 86

beer's lamberts law

Back 86

L=10*logI/I0

Front 87

physical half life formula

Back 87

T=ln*2/Xp
=0.693/Xp

Front 88

sound velocity depends on what?

Back 88

matter density, frequency and wavelength

Front 89

theta waves in EEG

Back 89

deep sleep

Front 90

fermions

Back 90

half integer spin

Front 91

law used for regfration

Back 91

lambert-beer's law

Front 92

spectrophotometry formula

Back 92

n=c/v

Front 93

wever-frechner used in

Back 93

audiometery

Front 94

kinematic viscosity depends on

Back 94

liquid density, temperature, dynamic viscosity

Front 95

oscillisocope formula

Back 95

U=Y*S

Front 96

kinematic viscosity is independent of

Back 96

shape of capillary

Front 97

sound intensity dimensions

Back 97

W/m^2

Front 98

absorption coefficeint depends on

Back 98

wavelength

Front 99

refractomery based on

Back 99

snell's law

Front 100

propegation of soundwaves

Back 100

air+liquid medium= longitudinal wave

solid= transverse wave (particles osscilate perpendicular to direction of wave)

Front 101

human ear frequencies

Back 101

20Hz-20kHz

Front 102

human ear BEST frequencies

Back 102

1kHz-5kHz

Front 103

human ear BEST intensity

Back 103

10dB-100dB

Front 104

human ear nomral hearing pressure

Back 104

20mPa

Front 105

sound intensity

Back 105

dB, dynamic pressure of 1pa=94dB

Front 106

as the sound frequency DECREASES

Back 106

the minimum threshold level INCREASES

Front 107

the sound intensity (threshold level) depends on

Back 107

sound frequency

Front 108

wave voltage of electricity is independent of

Back 108

the frequency

Front 109

on what does the electric voltage DEPENDS on?

Back 109

resistance, current (ohm's law)

Front 110

on what does the current depends on (according to ohm's law)

Back 110

frequency

Front 111

what does affect the resistance

Back 111

voltage (NOT by frequency)

Front 112

as the electric impedence DECREASES

Back 112

the frequency INCREASES

Front 113

as the conductivity INCREASES

Back 113

the resistance DECREASES

Front 114

amount of current sufficient to kill a person

Back 114

30miliAmper

Front 115

AC therapy

Back 115

1. rapid current increase
electroanaesthesia, electrosleep, heart rthem

2. slow current increase (triangular pulse)
stimulation of skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, vegetative nerves

Front 116

ultrasound frequency used in therapy to generate heating

Back 116

20,000kHZ

Front 117

magnetotherapy Tesla usage

Back 117

30miliT

Front 118

DC therapy

Back 118

1. iontophorsis

2. glynaization

Front 119

ionphoresis usage

Back 119

DC therapy

1. pass drugs from one side to the other using electrode on the oppose side

2. used for large muscles

Front 120

glynaization usage

Back 120

DC theray

1. glavnic bath

2. helps relieve pain, blood prefussion, increase metabolism

3. usage: polarization, electrophorezis

neutral particle polarized-> causes inhalation-> particle is both + and -

Front 121

alpha waves

Back 121

relax state
8-13Hz, >50microV

Front 122

beta waves

Back 122

alert state

15-20Hz, 5-10microV

Front 123

theta waves

Back 123

children, deep sleep

4-6Hz, <50microV

Front 124

delta waves

Back 124

pathological

0.5-4Hz, 100microV

Front 125

chronasky

Back 125

unit of time measuring the time between beginning of stimulation to the recieving the rayold's base

Front 126

in heat conductivity, it depends on the

Back 126

temperature (lineary

Front 127

what is a thermocoupl

Back 127

a machine with 2 sensors with differnt metals.
one end of the metal is connected to eachother (hot) and the other to the copper electricity circle (cold)

the temp. is represented in voltage

Front 128

transverse wave

Back 128

photon wave
1. magnetic (horizontal)

2. electricfield (perpendicular)

can travel through vacuum

Front 129

photon energy depends ONLY on

Back 129

it's frequency (lineary)

Front 130

human eye visible light frequency

Back 130

400THz- 668THz

Front 131

red color charatism

Back 131

frequency: 400THz
length: 700nm

Front 132

purple color charactarism

Back 132

frequency: 668THz

length: 400nm

Front 133

human eye most sensitive frequency

Back 133

550THz

Front 134

human eye visible wavelength

Back 134

700nm-400nm(purple)

Front 135

index of refraction formula

Back 135

n=c/v

Front 136

room voltage electricity

Back 136

220v

Front 137

room frequency electricity

Back 137

50Hz

Front 138

annihilation

Back 138

electron and positron collide= destroyed and create photon with the same energy

Front 139

positron usage

Back 139

in PET scan

Front 140

MRI uses frequency of

Back 140

radiowaves

Front 141

radiowaves in physiotherapy

Back 141

used for heating

Front 142

microwave frequency

Back 142

2,450MHz

Front 143

infrared radiation usage

Back 143

1. spectostom

2. thermographic

Front 144

types of radiation

Back 144

1. ionization

2. excitation

3. rayline's scatter

Front 145

ionization radiation

Back 145

1. uses the photoelectric effect (from Ep->Ek)

2. uses the camptent's scatter (photons hit e- and return with LOWER energy)

Front 146

excitation radiation

Back 146

e- absorbs energy from photon and quantitized (goes to the UPPER LEVEL)

can produce light-> flurence (shorter)
phosfulerence (stable)

Front 147

rayline's scatter

Back 147

1. reflection+refraction

2. photon and electrons almost DO NOT change their energy

3. measured with spectroscopy and infrared

Front 148

AC wavelength

Back 148

kilometers

Front 149

radio wavelength

Back 149

meters

Front 150

microwave wavelength

Back 150

mm

Front 151

infrared wavelength

Back 151

nm

Front 152

visible spectrum

Back 152

nm

Front 153

ultraviolent- xray-gammaray

Back 153

micrometer