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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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watery straw colored fluid part of lymph and blood, suspends leukocytes and erythrocytes
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plasma
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maintains osmotic pressure and blood volume
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albumin
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binds insoluable hormones to make soluble, allows substances to travel from place of manufactur to site of action
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globulins
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antibodies travel via blood to fight infection
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immunoglobulins
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blood formation
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hematopoiesis
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where do fetal blood cells form?
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bone marrow
liver spleen |
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where do adult blood cells from?
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bone marrow
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totipotential
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blood cells differentiate into any type of cell
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pleuripotential
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give rise to many cells
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general erythrocyte count
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4-6 million
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do erythrocytes have a nucleus?
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no
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two stages of erythropoiesis
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proliferation- cells divide to form offspring
differentiation- cells transform into more specialized cells |
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RBC's Development Stages
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Proerythroblast- has large nucleus
Basophilic erythroblast, begins making Hemoglobin Polychromatophilic erythroblast- hemoglobin synthesis continues, stains red and blue orthochromatic erythroblast- nucleus shrinks, make more hemoglobin reticulocyte- cell filled with hemoglobin, nucleus busts out, life span one day, "baby" RBC's |
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If O2 is low Kidneys produce more ?
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erythropoietin
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what does erythropoietin do?
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stimulates bone marrow to produce more RBC's
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normocytic
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normal size cells
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normochromic
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normal amounts of hemoglobin
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microcytic
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small cells
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macrocytic
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large cells
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hypochromic
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low hemoglobin (sign of anemia)
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hyperchromic
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high hemoglobin
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what is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?
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the volume/size of the cell
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normal MCV?
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87-103
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what is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)?
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est. concentration of hemoglobin in a certain volume of packed RBC's
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what is the normal MCHC?
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30-36
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what is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)?
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est. amount of hemoglobin per RBC
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normal MCH?
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27-31
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normal hemoglobin range?
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12-18
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poikilocytosis
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odd shaped
ex. tear shaped |
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anisocytosis
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size of RBCs aren't even
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percent of packed RBCs within total blood volume
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hematocrit
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normal hematocrit
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38-53
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normal retic count
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1-2%
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hemorrhagic anemia S and S
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restlessness
hypoxemia diaphoresis hypovolemia tachycardia dyspnea increased retic count |
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hemorrhagic anemia cell
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normocytic
normochromic |
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hemolytic anemia causes
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mechanical injury
ag-ab reaction hereditary membrane effects |
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hemolytic anemia cell
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normocytic
normochromic just broken |
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hemolytic transfusion rxn
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usually ABO incompatibility
severe |
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febrile rxn
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antibodies against donor
increase in temp |
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allergic transfusion rxn
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antibodies against donor proteins
hives and itching |
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delayed hemolytic reactions
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undetectable antibodies in recipients serum
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Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
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an anemia
lack the enzyme to convert glycerol to glucose primarily in males |
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what triggers G6PD
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drugs
viral infections bacterial infections diabetic ketoacidosis |
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hereditary spherocytosis
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biconcave RBCs turn to spheres
fragile short life span hemolysis--trapped in spleen |
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what causes jaundice in newborns?
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rapid lysis of HbF when changing to HgA, immature liver unable to handle rapid overturn, therefore increase in bilirubin
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pernicious anemia
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vitamin b 12 defiecieny which is necessary for b cell maturaiton
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S and S pernicious anemia
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weakness
sore tongue extremity numbness jaundice |
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pernicious anemia cells
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macrocytic
megaloblastic anisocytosis poikilocytosis leukopenia thrombocytopenia |
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folic acid anemia
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needed from maturation of erythrocytes
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s and s folic acid anemia
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fatigue
SOB palpitations glossitis nausea anorexia forgetfulness |
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folic acid anemia cell
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macrocytic
megaloblastic anisocytosis poikilocytosis |
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iron deficiency anemia
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d/t inadequate diet, increased need, bleeding
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iron deficiency anemia cell
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hypochromic, microcytic
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aplastic anemia
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stem cell disorger, everything is insufficient
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aplastic anemia cell
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normocytic and normochromic
just not enough |
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aplastic anemia s and s
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leukopenia
thrombocytopenia low reticulocytes |
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congenital disorger of aplastic anemia
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fanconi's syndrome
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heterozygous sickle cell
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each cell has HgA and HgS
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homozygous sickle cell
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oxygenated HbS does not differ from HgA
deoxygenated HbS is elongated and sickle like |
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Thalassemias
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defective or absent alpha or beta chains of HgB molecule
deficient HgB synthesis microcytic hypochromic |
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Thalassemia Major
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Homozygous autosomal recessive
microcytic hypochromic ineffective erythropoiesis hemolysis |
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Thalassemia Minor
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heterozygous autosomal recessive
mild anemia microcytic normochromic |
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polycythemia
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***not an anemia***
excess RBC production cause thick blood or bigger RBCs increase blood clots increase BP |
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what stimulates polycythemia?
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hypoxia
Renal disease (over produciton of erythropoietin) |
