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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trypsinogen --> proteolytic cleavage by?
Breaks down to.. breaks peptidases down to? |
trypsin, if not inhibited by pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.
Breaks down to LA Lys Arg |
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Chymotrypsin breaks down peptidesases to what?
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PTLT
phe tyr lys trp |
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elastase breaks down peptidases to what?
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SAG
ser ala gly |
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Carboxypeptidase breaks down peptidases to what?
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depends, A = c-terminus hydrophobic
B = LA Lys, Arg |
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What is a zwitterion
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a molecule with both a positive and negative charge. Amino acids are an example.
Water soluble at physiological pH. |
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What asymmetric configuration are AA's in mammals?
What is the one exception to this? |
they are all L-aa
Lysine is D-lys, only exception. |
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What is the defination for a protein?
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proteins are molecules that consist of one or more polypeptide chains (of amino acids)held together by peptide bond.
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What are the non-polar alliphatic AA's?
The branched? |
GAP = non branched
Gly, Ala, Pro VIL = branched Val, Iso, Leu |
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What are the Aromatic amino acids?
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PTT
Phe, Tyr, Trp |
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What are the Polar amino acids alliphatic's?
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STAG = POLES
Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln |
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What are the sulfer containing amino acids? What is unique about them?
Why is it important? |
They are mostly unionized so they can donate the sulfer group in proton building.
MC Met, Cys |
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What is the hydropathy index, and how is it measured?
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it shows hydrophobicity.
bigger number = more hydrophobic... smaller = hydrophillic. |
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What are the acid/base amino acids?
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AG = acid
Asp, Glu HAL = base his, arg, leu |
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What are some examples of complete proteins? What does it mean?
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casein (milk)
ovalbumin (eggs) meats (animals, poultry and fish) They can support life AND growth |
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What else are complete proteins sometimes called?
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high biological value protein.
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What are some examples of partially incomplete proteins? What does it mean?
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legumes, nuts, grains.
They can support life, but not growth. |
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What are some examples of totally incomplete protein? What does it mean?
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zein from corn, gelatin from animals.
Cannot support life. |
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What is considered a balanced Nin-Nout ratio?
What do positive/negative balance mean? |
Nin - Nout will be even in a normal healthy person.
A positive (Nin > Nout) means anabolism, the body is accumulating proteins. A negative (Nin < Nout) is catabolism and occurs when dietary intake is insufficient or an essential amino acid is missing. |
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How much protein does a human adult need on average?
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roughly .8 g/kg body weight/day.
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Where are most AA's oxidized?
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the liver
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What happens to AA's in the liver?
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They are broken down for the synthesis of cellular proteins and other N containing compounds.
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What happens to excess AA's and where?
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they are converted to carbon skeletons
oidized for energy converted to glucose oxidized or stored as glycogen. |
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What happens to the Amino N (what is that?) following oxidation and why?
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AA N forms ammonium which is toxic to the body.
It must be converted to urea and removed from the body. |
