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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biomolecule |
compounds that occur naturally in living organisms They consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur |
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Main 4 categories of biomolecules |
Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic acids |
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General formula of a carbohydrates |
CH2O - Hexoses = C6H12O6 |
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Disaccharides |
Disaccharides are soluble sugars formed from two monosaccharides joined together (glycosidic linkage) |
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Examples of formations of disaccharides |
maltose = glu + glu sucrose = glu + fru lactose = glu + gal |
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Polysaccharides and examples |
large, complex, branched molecules that are insoluble in water. e.g. starch, cellulose, chitin and glycogen. |
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Role of carbohydrates |
Energy Sources (Glycolisis)] Structural functions |
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Lipids? |
Fatty Acids - long hydrocarbon chains ending in a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). Created in the smooth ER |
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Role of the lipids |
Building block for biological material Energy storage Cell signalling |
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Hydophylic heads of lipids? |
- heads contain an oligosaccharide Sterols - heads contain a steroid ring, e.g. cholesterol Phospholipids - +ve charged heads linked to the tail by a -ve charged phosphate |
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Protiens? |
High diversity, synthisised in the rough ER Structure, biochemical catalysts or regulatory protiens |
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Protiens made of ..? |
Amino Acids |
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Structure of Amino acids |
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How many amino acids? |
20 produced by the body 9 essential aa obtained through the diet |
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Short chain of amino acids |
Peptides, bonded with peptide bonds. |
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Primary structure |
Specific order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. |
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