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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central dogma
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1. protein can't be converted back into nucleic acid
2. DNA <---> RNA ----> protein |
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DNA --> RNA
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transcription
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RNA ---> DNA
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reverse transcription
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RNA ---> protein
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translation
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Erwin Schrodinger
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4 properties of genetic material:
1. stability over time 2. able to have mutations 3. accessible 4. storable and transferable |
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Lederbergs
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1. replica plating
2. objective: to determine if genes or genetic material are contained in DNA 3. conclusion: genes that confer to certain adaptations to certain environments |
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Griffith
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1. objective: to find out what the transforming agent was
2. conclusion: genes 3. heat-killed virulent S transformed non-virulent R strain into live S strain |
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Avery:
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1. conclusion: discovered DNA is transforming agent
2. used protein/RNA/DNA degrading enzymes to come to the conclusion |
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Chargoff
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# A = # T
# C = # G |
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Hershey
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DNA alone is responsible for bacteriophage production
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Watson/Crick
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discovered DNA structure (complementary bases and double helix)
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DNA Structure
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1. double stranded
2. composed of nucleotide polymers 3. antiparallel 4. sugar-phosphate backbone 5. polarity |
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Nucleotide
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1. sugar group
2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base |
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sugar molecules
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deoxyribose (in DNA)
*know what each carbon of the sugar is bonded to |
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nitrogenous bases
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1. A,T,C,or G
2. it takes less energy to break an A-T 3. A-T has 2 Hbonds; C-G has 3 Hbonds |
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phosphate group
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1. phosphodiester bonds bond phosphate groups to sugar to form backbone
1. bonded to 3'C of one sugar, and to 5'C of sugar below |
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Meselson's experiment
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1. objective: determine how newly synthesized DNA combined
2. conclusion: through semiconservitive method 3. used heavy and light nitrogen |
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3 steps in replication
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1. initiation
2. elongation 3. termination |
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initiation
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1. starts at oriC
2. DNA A (replication initiator) binds and recruits DNA b (helicase) and DNA C (helicase loader) 3. unwound bidirectionally 4. replication fork makes bubble 5. DNA primase and RNA poly make primers of RNA sequence at replication fork |
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Meselson's experiment
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1. objective: determine how newly synthesized DNA combined
2. conclusion: through semiconservitive method 3. used heavy and light nitrogen |
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elongation
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1. creates exact copy of DNA template by making complementary base pairs
2. DNA poly III moves in 5' ---> 3' direction and elongates 3. leading strand (pol III moves towards fork) lagging moves away from fork |
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3 steps in replication
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1. initiation
2. elongation 3. termination |
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initiation
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1. starts at oriC
2. DNA A (replication initiator) binds and recruits DNA b (helicase) and DNA C (helicase loader) 3. unwound bidirectionally 4. replication fork makes bubble 5. DNA primase and RNA poly make primers of RNA sequence at replication fork |
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elongation
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1. creates exact copy of DNA template by making complementary base pairs
2. DNA poly III moves in 5' ---> 3' direction and elongates 3. leading strand (pol III moves towards fork) lagging moves away from fork |
