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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tundra - Climate |
Cold - Latitude Dry - Cold air (continental polar wind) |
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Tundra - Vegetation |
- moss - lichen - short plants Adaptions: - stay small and short - uses less nutrients and doesn't use water - roots are shallow to avoid permafrost - germination is quick |
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Tundra - Human Activity |
- mining - oil and gas - hunting and fishing |
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Tundra - Environmental Concerns |
- habitat destruction - oil spills - melting permafrost - > cracking pipes |
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Tundra - Soil |
PEAT leaching - low humus - low farming - low other - acidic - dark (slow decomposition) |
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Coniferous - Climate |
Wet - near ocean - frontal or cyclonic rain - on-shore winds (westerlies) |
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Coniferous - Vegetation |
- Coniferous trees (microtherm) Adaptions: - cone shaped -> shed snow/rain - needles (wax) -> retain heat & moisture - roots -> shallow and wide, to avoid permafrost - bark -> bugs and fires |
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Coniferous - Human Activity |
- logging - mining - fishing -> coastal = commerical, sport |
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Coniferous - Environmental Concerns |
- soil erosion - habitat destruction - species endangerment - forest fires - pine beetles |
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Coniferous - Soil |
PODZOL leaching - high humus - low farming - low other - grey - acidic -> needles from coniferous trees |
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Tropical Rain forest - Climate |
Wet - convectional rain |
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Tropical Rain forest - Vegetation |
Megatherm - Emergent tree -> tall - Shade plants -> moss, fern, hosta - Broadleaf evergreen - buttress roots -> water, nutrients, support - Strangler fig - Liana vines -> epiphyte |
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Tropical Rain Forest - Human Activity |
- forestry |
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Tropical Rain Forest - Environmental Concern |
- habitat destruction - species endangerment |
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Tropical Rain Forest - Soil |
TROPICAL RED EARTH/LATERITE/LATOSOLleaching - high humus - low -> used quickly by plants and leaching farming - low other - red -> iron in soil is oxidized - not fertile -> farmers need to constantly shift locations |
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Temperate Rain Forest - Climate |
Wet - near ocean - on-shore winds -> westerlies - frontal and cyclonic rain Mild - near ocean |
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Temperate Rain Forest - Vegetation |
- a canopy of leaves -> little sunlight to the forest floor - on forest floor: -> shade tolerant - ferns - hostas - moss |
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Temperate Rain Forest - Human Activity |
- forestry - fishing |
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Temperate Rain Forest - Environmental Concerns |
- habitat destruction - species endangerment |
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Deciduous - Climate |
Large temperature range - continentality Wet - great lakes |
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Deciduous - Vegetation |
- Deciduous Adaptions: - deep roots -> moisture, stability - shed leaves -> dormant = less energy - large leaves -> more sun, more food |
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Deciduous - Human Activity |
- industry - mining |
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Deciduous - Environmental Concerns |
- pollution - acid rain - habitat destruction |
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Deciduous - Soil |
GREY-BROWN PODZOL leaching - medium humus - medium farming - medium other - leaf litter in O layer |
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Desert - Climate |
Dry - 30 degree latitude = high pressure - leeward side of mountain - cold ocean currents - off-shore winds - continentality |
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Desert - Vegetation |
- mesquite bush -> tap roots - joshua tree -> wax needles, deep roots - cacti -> wide shallow roots = stores water in body, wax - creosote bush -> toxin soil - poppy -> seeds can lay dormant |
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Desert - Human Activity |
- mining - recreational activity - groundwater extraction - farming |
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Desert - Environmental Concerns |
- habitat destruction - groundwater depletion - capillary action -> reverse leaching = salt |
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Desert - Soil |
SIEROZEM leaching - low humus - low - medium farming - medium other - salt -> pH = basic |
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Prairie - Climate |
Large temperature range - continentality Wet in summer - convectional rain |
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Prairie - Vegetation |
- grass Adaptations: - deep roots -> water - xerophyte -> low water requirement - growth point -> allows to stay safe from animals and fire |
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Prairie - Human Activity |
- farming -> grain farming - oil & gas extraction |
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Prairie - Environmental Concerns |
- soil erosion - habitat destruction - drought - tornadoes |
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Prairie - Soil |
CHERNOZEM leaching - low humus - high farming - high other - dark - deep |
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Mediterranean - Climate |
Dry - latitude belts -> belts move up during the summer |
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Mediterranean - Vegetation |
- grapes - fig - robs - eucalyptus - cypress - citrus Adaptations: - live in dry conditions |
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Mediterranean - Human Activity |
- farming - tourism - fishing |
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Mediterranean - Environmental Concerns |
- drought - pollution - brush fires |
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Evergreen - Climate |
Wet - near ocean - wet on-shore winds |
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Evergreen - Vegetation |
- deciduous - broadleaf evergreens |
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Evergreen - Human Activity |
- tourism - farming - retirement |
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Evergreen - Environmental Concerns |
- pollution - soil erosion |
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Savannah - Climate |
Wet - doldrums Dry - horse latitudes |
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Savannah - Vegetation |
- acacia -> thorns - baobab - grass -> xerophyte Adaptations: - shed leaves - deep roots |
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Savannah - Human Activity |
- farming -> subsistence - tourism |
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Savannah - Environmental Concerns |
- soil erosion - desertification - poaching |
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Monsoon - Climate |
Wet - wet summer monsoon winds Dry - dry winter monsoon winds |
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Monsoon - Vegetation |
- deciduous - tropical broadleaf evergreen - bamboo |
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Monsoon - Human Activity |
- forestry - farming -> subsistence, cash crops |
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Monsoon - Environmental Concerns |
- habitat destruction - species endangerment - soil erosion - flooding |
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Tundra |
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Coniferous |
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Tropical Rain Forest |
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Temperate Rain Forest |
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Deciduous |
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Desert |
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Prairie |
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Mediterranean |
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Savanna |
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Monsoon |
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Evergreen |
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Coniferous - Name |
Farther from the ocean - Boreal - Taiga Ocean Locations - West coast marine - West coast moderate |
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Tropical Rain Forest - Name |
Warm & Wet |
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Temperate Rain Forest - Name |
- west coast marine - west coast moderate |
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Deciduous - Name |
- mixed forest - humid continental - interior continental |
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Desert - Name |
Arid |
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Prairie - Name |
- interior continental - steppe - temperate grasslands - plains |
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Mediterranean - Name |
Schlerophyl |
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Savannah - Name |
- tropical grasslands - tropical wet & dry |
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Monsoon - Name |
Tropical wet dry |
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Evergreen - Name |
Humid sub tropical |
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Soil layers |
O - surface litter A - top soil - > worms, bacteria, humus E - zone of leaching B - subsoil - > leaching minerals, soil sucks, no nutrients C - parent/bedrock |
