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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False
The Liver is damaged more by toxins than the kidney. |
False
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Which nervous system is needed for urination?
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Parasympathetic - it releases the sphincter
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What type of muscle is the Bladder made of and is it's control voluntary or involuntary
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Smooth Visceral Muscle
involuntary control over bladder wall |
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What is the Nephron?
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Basic structural and functional unit of the KIDNEY
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What is the chief function of the Nephron?
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To regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
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What is the TRIGONE of the Bladder?
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muscle where URETERS(collect urine from the kidneys) open into and URETHRA (urine flow from the bladder) starts
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If there is protein in the urine what can this be a sign of?
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that something is wrong with the Kidney
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Kidney Regulation (5)
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1. Water / electrolyte balance
(Sodium, Potassium, Chloride) 2. Reg of blood pressure 3. Vit D and erythropoietin 4. Filtration and excretion 5. acid-base balance |
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How do Kidney's work to regulate blood pressure?
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1. juxtaglomerular apparatus detects blood pressure
2. macula densa detects low salt , detect this as low salt = increase blood pressure 3. to raise blood pressure macula densa cells tell juxtaglomerular cells to make renin |
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If diffused ache in low back how do you determine if kidney or muscular?
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if the pain radiates, the quality of the pain, kidney punch test (pressure that makes them jump or feels tender is indicative of infection or stones)
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Pelvic pain can be a symptom of...
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colon
intestinal infection bladder infection STD's parasites |
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Low Abdominal pain and Blood in the urine can be symptoms of...
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cystitis
Bladder cancer - painless Bladder infection - painful |
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Pelvic pain, Blood in the urine and Back pain can be symptoms of...
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Prostatitis
Kidney infection/stones Glomerulitis nephritis (more inflammation than infection) |
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Painful urination can be a symptom of...
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UTI’s
Prostatitis Kidney infections Urethritis Trauma Epidiimitis Food allergies Interstitial cystitis Stones STD’s Parasites |
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What are the symptoms of an infection in the bladder?
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Fever
Frothy urine |
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What is the Renin-Angiotensis Aldosterone system?
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A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water fluid balance within the nephron.
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Inflammation of URETHRA signs and symptoms
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Usually seen in 20 – 40 year olds
Quality of pain, burning NO REFERRED PAIN Infrequent Swollen lymph nodes Palpitation of bladder, ok Urine, pus, bacteria maybe blood |
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CYSTITIS/BLADDER infection signs and symptoms
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Usually seen in infant and older males
PAIN MIDSTREAM OR LATE STREAM Increased frequency Blood in urine Fatigue maybe fever Palpitate bladder, maybe tender, possible kidney tenderness Pus, bacteria in blood detected from urinalysis |
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POLYNEPHRITIS signs and symptoms
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Similar to cystitis, men, young and old
Referred pain the kidney and down around abdomen Fever Increase frequency Feel sick, muscle ache, fatigue, nausea Pus, bacteria, and blood in urine |
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PROSTATITIS signs and symptoms
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Rare in younger men
Pain quality a DULL ACHE, sometimes spasm General pelvic pain à testicular NO FEVER Increase urine frequency Decrease libido Kidney punch variable Urinalysis negative Acute infection can be cause by STD Trauma – anal sex Chronic - late infection Hormones Toxins |
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BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA
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NOT infection
High levels of di-hydrates testosterone BPH and cancer some correlation |
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HEMATURIA (blood in the urine)
can be classified by amount and where a. In the beginning b. In mid-stream c. Microscopic – can’t see, detect in urinalysis d. Macroscopic – can see, urine red or brown |
a. Urethra
b. Posterior Ureter Trigone or Bladder Base c. exercise or fever d. hemoglobin without red blood cells |
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Causes of Hematuria
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Urethritis
Cystitis Polynephritis Cancers Endometriosis Stones Glomerulus problems Anti-coagulant therapy Thrombocytopenia Sickle cell anemia Trauma 60% due to tumors or obstructions (stones) and or infections Fever , blood, and pain = infections No pain, with blood can be tumor |
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What the color of the urine means...
a. Brownish b. Milky c. Red d. Bright yellow e. Dark yellow |
a. blood
b. alkaline c. blood, beets, red dyes d. B vitamins e. dehydration or infection |
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What is a normal amount of urine?
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700-2000 ml per day
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