Biomedical Final

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Biomedical Science

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the application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clincal medicine.

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Control Group

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The group in an experiment, where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied

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Dependent variable

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the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested

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Experiment

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a research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

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Forensic Science

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The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law

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Hypothesis

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clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment

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Independent Variable

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the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher

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Negative Control

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Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome.

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Personal Protective Equipment

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Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials

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OSHA

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Postive Control

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Group expected to have a postive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.

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Adenine

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A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.

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Chromosome

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Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.

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Cytosine

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A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells.

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Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base

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Dna

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a double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

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Gel electrophoresis

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The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

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Gene

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a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.

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or RNA, in some viruses.

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Guanine

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a component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells

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Chemically , it is a purine base

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Helix

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something in a spiral form

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Model

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a simplified version of something complex used, for example to analyze and solve problems or make predictions

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Nucleotide

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a building block of DNA, consisting of a five - carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

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Restriction Enzyme

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a degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.

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RFLPS

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Diffrences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths

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DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes

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Autopsy

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An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death

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Bibliography

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a document showing all the sources used to research information

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Thymine

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a component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells

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Chemically, it is pyrimidne base

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Citation

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a written reference to a specfic by a particular author or Creator which indentifies the document in which the work may be found

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documentation

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the act of creating citation to identify resources used in writing a work

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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a comprehensive set of standards and practices designed to give patients specific rights regarding their personal health information.

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HIPAA

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medical examiner

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a physician who performs an autopsy when death may be accidental or violent

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glycagon

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a protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels

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glucose tolerance test

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test of the body's ability to have a life glucose

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homeostasis

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relatively stable physilogical conditions

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hormones

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a product of living cells of circulation of blood and produces with the specific often stimulatory.

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insulin

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a protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for metabolism

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Solution

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a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more subtances

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Solvent

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the dissolving agent of a solution. water is the most versatile solvent known

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Solute

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a substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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Osmosis

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the movement of water across a selectively permeable memebrane

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Isotonic

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having the same solute concentration as another solution

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hypotonic

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in comparing two solutions referring to one with the lower solute concentration

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hypertonic

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in comparing two solutions referring to one with the greater solute concentration

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hypoglycemia

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abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood

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hyperglycemia

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an excess of sugar in the blood

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Hemoglobin A1c

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a test that measures the level of hemoglobin A1c in the blood as a means of determining the average blood sugar concentrations for the preceding two to three months.

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negative feedback

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a primary mechanism of homeostasis swear by it change and physiology cool variable that is being monitored triggers pump that counteracts the fluctuation

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Postive feedback

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feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output

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Hydrolysis

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a chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water