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450 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agglutinate
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to glue together
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Barium
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heavy metal used for contrast studies with radiography (x-rays)
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Baroreceptor
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monitor tissue for blood pressure (aortic arch)
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Callus
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hard thickening of skin or bone (vs. callous)
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Callous
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to become hardened (vs. callus)
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Cerumen
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earwax
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Ceruminolytic
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agent that dissolves earwax
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Colloid
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jelly-like mixture of particles in a liquid medium
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Collodion
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nitrocellulose solution in ether or alcohol (drug solvent or wound sealant) (colla = glue, jelly)
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Crystalluria
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crystals in urine
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Dura mater
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tough, fibrous outer coat of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
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Indurated
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made hard
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Eburnation
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to make hard and dense like ivory (ebur = ivory)
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Glioma
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brain tumor composed of neuroglia cells
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Neuroglia
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cells that support or insulate nerve cells
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Gluten
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tough, viscous material left after wheat is washed to remove starch
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Hyalosis
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a degenerative change in the vitreous humor
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Inspissated
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to become thicker as if with dehydration
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Leptospirosis
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slender spiral bacteria that causes inflammation of the kidney
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Leptomeningitis
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inflammation of the pia mater or arachnoid membrane of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord
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Osteomalacia
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softening of bone
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Emollient
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a soothing (feels soft) agent (mollis = soft)
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Oleoresin
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an oily plant sap that may cause contact allergy (capsaicin is an oleoresin from peppers used as a liniment) (oleo- oil)
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Pachyderm
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“thick skin”
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Pachymeningitis
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inflammation of the dura mater of the meninges (pachy- thick)
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Petrous
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pertaining to the hard part of the temporal bone (inner ear is located in it)
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Petrosal
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referring to the petrous temporal bone
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Osteoporosis
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demineralization of bone
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Scirrhous
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firm and fibrous (scirrho- hard)
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Sclera
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dense white outer covering of most of the eye
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Spongiosis
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edema of the spongy layer of the skin
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Cholesterol
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a solid alcohol first discovered in gallstones
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Stereoscopic
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pertaining to 3-dimensional vision (stereo- solid)
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Viscous
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sticky, thick, and resistant to flow
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Viscosity
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measuring the resistance to flow
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Abducent
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drawing away from the midline, also the VI cranial nerve (vs. adduction – toward)
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Abduction
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(also) drawing away from the midline (vs. adduction = toward center)
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Adrenal
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next to the kidney
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Adduction
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drawing toward the midline (vs. abducent – away)
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Actinic
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relating to the chemical changes caused by radiant energy (sunlight)
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Actinodermatitis
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skin inflammation caused by exposure to sunlight (actio- ray)
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Anatomy
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dissecting the body to study shape and structure (dissection for a positive reason)
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Anterior
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placed in front of
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Anterolateral
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in front of and away from midline
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Apocrine
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a (pinched off) portion of a cell is released with a secretory product (apo- away from)
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Aponeurosis
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a sheet of fibrous tissue binding muscles together or muscle to bone
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Cathode
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negatively charged electrode
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Caudal
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of, at, or near the tail
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Caudad
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toward the tail
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Caudectomy
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surgical removal of the tail (caud-ectomy)
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Cranial
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relating to the skull
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Craniotomy
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surgical incision into the skull
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Decompose
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to break down into various compartments
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Dehydrate
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to deplete of body water
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Dextrose
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structural form of glucose that rotates to the right
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Dexterity
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grace in physical movement
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diuresis
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excessive discharge of urine
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Distal
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away from reference point
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Disinfection
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treatment to destroy harmful organisms
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Dissect
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to cut apart for the study of anatomy
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Dorsal
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of or near the back
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Eccentric
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deviating from a circle
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External
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outside
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Ectoparasite
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a parasite that lives on the outside of the body
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Deflection
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deviation from expectation
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Flexion
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the act of bending a joint or limb
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Inferolateral
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lower and away from middle
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Lateral
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situated at or on the side
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Laterabdominal
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on the side of the abdomen
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Levorotation
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counterclockwise rotation (view from top)
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Levothyroxine
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left directed isomer of thyroid hormone (active form)
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Medial
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relating to the middle
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Median
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a midline that divides the body into equal R and L halves
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Occlude
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to obstruct
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Opisthotonus
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a spasm of the body with the head and heels bent backward
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Palmer
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relating to the palm of the hand
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Pernasal
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performed through the nose
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Peracute
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very rapid and violent (per- through, excessive)
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Percutaneous
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passed through the skin
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Plantar
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relating to the sole of the foot
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Plantigrade
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walking on the sole of the foot
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Posterior
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relating to the caudal end of quadrapeds and the dorsal area of primates
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Posterolateral
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caudal (tail) (or dorsal(back)) and away from the midline
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Pronate
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to turn the palmar (palm of hand) surface down or back
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Proximal
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nearer to a reference point
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Irradiation
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the use of ionizing radiation
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Relapse
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to regress after a partial recovery
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Reflex
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an automatic response or reaction
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Regurgitation
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act of flowing backward (digestive tract, b/f stomach)
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Retrograde
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reverting to an earlier or inferior condition (retro- backwards)
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Rostral
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referring to the nasal region (rostrum = nose)
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Rotary
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something that moves around an axis
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Rotator
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a muscle that aids in rotating a part of the body
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Sagittal
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a plane parallel to the median plane
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Sinister
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on the left side (also means threatening evil)
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Sinistromanual
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left-handed
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Sternum
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breastbone
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Sternomastoid
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a structure that runs from the sternum(breastbone) to the base of the skull
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Superior
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in a higher location
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Superjacent
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lying immediately above (super- upper)
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Supinate
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to turn the palmer surface up or forward (eat soup w/ hand)
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Transverse
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lying across
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Treponema
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a genus of spiral bacteria (one causes syphilis) (trepo- to turn)
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Ventral
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relating to the abdominal area
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Ventrodorsal
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extending from the abdominal surface to the dorsal surface (x-rays)
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Versicolor
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having a variety of color or changing in color
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Acromegaly
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large extremities
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Acral
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referring to extremities (hands, feet) (acro- extremity)
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Antebrachium
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forearm (from elbow to wrist)
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Antemortem
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before death
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Anteroventral
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lower aspect of front
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Antibiotic
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against microbes
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Antisepsis
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against infection
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Apicotomy
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incision into a pointed structure (apico- summit)
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Archencephalon
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primitive front and middle part of brain (archeo- first)
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Axilla
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armpit area
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Basisphenoid
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relating to the body of the sphenoid bone
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Basioccipital
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bone in the base of the skull in front of foramen magnum (hole where spinal cord goes through) (basio- base)
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Bathypnea
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deep breathing (bathy- deep)
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Cecal
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relating to sac like cavity with 1 opening, blind ended pouch
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Centrifugal
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fleeing the center
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Circumferential
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a line around a closed circle
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Circumcision
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circular incision to remove the prepuce (penile sheath)
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Cortex
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outer layer of an organ
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Bicuspid
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having 2 points (teeth and valves)
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Tricuspid
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having 3 points
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Decubital
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relating to a bedsore (pressure points: elbow, hip) (decubitus = lying down)
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Ectopic
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an abnormal location for an organ or body part (ectopia = displaced)
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Empyema
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pus in a body cavity, especially the chest
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Endometrium
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glandular mucous membrane that lines the inside of the uterus
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Epidural
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on or over the dura mater of the spinal cord
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Epidermis
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outermost part of the skin
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Epidemiology
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study of the cause, distribution, and control of diseases in groups of people (if groups of animals – epizootiology)
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Esophoria
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tendency for eyes to deviate inwardly (eso- within)
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Exocytosis
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intracellular vesicles are secreted by fusion with the outer cell membrane
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Exophthalmos
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an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball (exo- outside, outward)
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Extracorporeal
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located or occurring outside the body (extra- outside)
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Extravasation
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forcing blood or lymph out of vessels and into the surrounding tissue
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Fundus
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portion of a hollow organ that is furthest from its opening (of eye and stomach) (fundus = base, bottom)
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Hypsodont
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teeth with high crowns and short roots (horse) (hypso- high)
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Inferolateral
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lower and to the side
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Infraorbital
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located beneath the orbit of the eye (infra- below)
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Infraspinatus
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muscle beneath the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade)
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Inguinal
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referring to the groin
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Intercostal
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between the ribs
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Intercellular
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between cells
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Intracerebral
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within the cerebrum (large globe of brain)
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Intracellular
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within a cell
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Juxtaposition
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located or placed side-by-side (juxta- near)
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Juxtaglomerulus
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near the glomerulus (kidney filter) (juxta- near)
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Locus
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a place, a location
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Locomotor
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relating to movement from 1 place to another
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Macula lutea
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A yellow spot on the retina that mediates, the clearest, most detailed vision (macula = small spot)
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Macula densa
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a spot of dense cells near the glomerulus that secretes the hormone renin (macula = small spot)
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Mediolateral
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from the middle toward the side
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Medulla (not in brain)
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the inner core of an organ
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Mesentery
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folds of peritoneum that connect organs to the dorsal, inner abdominal wall (meso- middle)
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Mesojejunum
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mesentery of the jejunum portion of the SI
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Nidus
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a point of origination of accumulation (nidus = nest)
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Tentorium
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a membranous covering or partition (-orium = place)
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Sensorium
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sensory portion of the body
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Parathyroid
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by the thyroid (gland that controls calcium balance)
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Paresthesia
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a skin sensation without any apparent cause
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Periosteum
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a dense fibrous covering of bone, except at the joints (peri-ost-e-um)
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Peribronchial
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surrounding a bronchus (lower airway in lungs) (peri- around)
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Perineum
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area between the anus and genitals (perineo- between anus and genitals)
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Popliteal
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hollow back part of knee area (poples = hollow of knee)
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Postprandial
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after eating
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Postoperative
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after surgery ("post-operative")
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Postpartum
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after birth
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Premaxillary
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in front of the maxillary bones
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Prognosis
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a prediction of the probable course or outcome of disease
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Prosodemic
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disease that is transmitted from person to person (proso- foward)
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Hemostasis
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the stoppage of bleeding
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Hypostatic
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the settling of blood in a lower aspect of an organ due to poor blood flow
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Astigmatism
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unequal curvature of the cornea that prevents clear focus on one point on retina (waves on cornea) "a-stigmatism"
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Subcutaneous
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under the skin
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Subarachnoid
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beneath the arachnoid membrane (web part) of the meninges of the spinal cord
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Synapse
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junction in which a nerve impulse passes to another nerve, muscle, or gland
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Ataxia
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loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement
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Chemotaxis
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movement of a cell or organism toward or away from a chemical stimulus (taxis = arrangement, lining up)
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Phototaxis
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movement of a cell or organism toward or away from a light stimulus
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Telecardiogram
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an electrocardiogram obtained at a distance from the patient
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Telemetry
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automatic measurement of data and transmission over distances by wire, radio, or other means
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Telangiectasis
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chronic dilation of a group of capillaries causing small dark red blotches on the skin (telo- end)
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Topology
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anatomic structure of a specific area or part of the body
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Transaction
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to divide or cut transversely
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Abdomen
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cavity between thoracic and pelvis cavities
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Arthritis
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inflammation of a joint
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Arthrocentesis
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puncture and aspiration of a joint fluid
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Articulate
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united by joints (also means pronounce all syllables) (articulo- jointed)
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Auricle
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ear or ear-like appendage (heart valve) (aur- ear)
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Auricular
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pertaining to the ear (aur- ear)
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Blepharospasm
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twitch in eyelid (blepharo- eyelid)
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Blepharoptosis
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droopy upper eyelid (sleepy eye)
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Brachiocephalic
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pertaining to arm and head (brachi- arm)
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Antebrachium
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forearm to wrist (carpus)
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Buccal
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pertaining to or directed toward the cheek
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Calcaneus
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heel bone (point of hock)
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Canthus
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corner of the eyelid (medial or lateral canthus) (cantho- corners of the eyelids)
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Caput
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head of a structure
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Capitulum
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small head or rounded articular process of bone (capit- head)
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Carpus
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wrist
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Celiotomy
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incision into the abdomen
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Encephalitis
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inflammation inside skull
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Cerebellospinal
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from the cerebellum (small globe on back of brain) to the spinal cord
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Cerebrum
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main portion (large globe) of the brain
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Cervicofacial
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pertaining to neck and face
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Cervix
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neck-like entrance to the uterus
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Cheilitis
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chapped or inflamed lips (cheilo- lip)
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Chiropractor
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person who attempts to heal by manipulation of the spine and other body parts
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Cheirology
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signing for the deaf
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Superciliary
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above the eyelashes = eyebrow
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Corpuscle
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“little body” a blood cell or globular structure such as nerve pressure receptors (corpus = body)
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Corpse
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a dead body
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Crus
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leg from knee to ankle
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Antecubital
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pertaining to in front of (distal to) the elbow
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Dentoalveolar
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pertaining to the teeth and their sockets
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Facioplasty
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plastic surgery on the face
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Femur
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thigh bone
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Frontotemporal
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pertaining to forehead and temples of the skull
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Hypoglossal
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under the tongue (12th cranial nerve) (glosso- tongue)
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Glossopharyngeal
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pertaining to the tongue and throat (9th cranial nerve) (glosso- tongue)
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Glottis
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opening of upper larynx (just behind base of tongue)
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Epiglottis
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thin cartilage at base of tongue and above the larynx that flaps over the larynx during swallowing
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Hepatoma
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benign tumor of the liver
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Hepatotoxic
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poisonous to the liver (hepato- liver)
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Labial
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pertaining to lips
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Laparotomy
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surgical incision through the flank (laparo- flank)
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Laparoscopy
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examination of the interior of the abdomen with a scope (usually fiberoptic)
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Latissimus dorsi
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broadest muscle of back (Latissimus = broadest)
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Lienopathy
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disease of the spleen
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Lingual
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referring to the tongue
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Longissimus muscles
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long muscles along spine
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Lumbar
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pertaining to the loins
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Lumbosacral
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pertaining to the lumbar and sacral vertebrae
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Manipulate
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to handle
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Melosalgia
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pain in the lower limbs (melos- limb)
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Meloplasty
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reconstructive surgery of the cheek
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Myelin
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a white fatty material that covers nerves with fast conduction of impulses
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Myelogenous
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produced in the bone marrow
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Myelogram
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radiograph of spinal cord after administering surrounding contrast media
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Neural
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pertaining to nerves
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Neurohypophysis
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posterior part of pituitary that consists of nerve cells from the base of the brain (neuro- nerve)
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Notochord
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rod-like structure that forms the spinal column
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Odontectomy
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tooth extraction (odonto- tooth)
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Omalgia
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shoulder pain (omo- shoulder)
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Omphalitis
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inflammation of the umbilicus (navel)
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Onychophagia
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nail chewing (onycho- nail, claw)
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Onychectomy
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declaw (onycho- claw)
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Oropharynx
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mouth and throat (oro- mouth)
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Palpebral
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pertaining to eyelids
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Pancreatectomy
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surgical removal of the pancreas
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Pectoral
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pertaining to the breast
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Pellagra
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rough skin from niacin (B-vitamin) deficiency
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Peritoneum
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lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs
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Peroneal
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pertaining to the fibula (small thigh bone)
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Pharyngeal
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pertaining to the throat
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Pharyngitis (give common name)
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sore throat
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Phrenic
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pertaining to the diaphragm (phren- diaphragm)
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Phrenospasm
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hiccups
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Pinealoma
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tumor of a pine cone-shaped gland of the brain (pineal gland)
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Pleural
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relating to the inner lining of the chest and outer lining of lungs
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Pleuritis
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inflammation of the chest lining
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Podiatrist
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specialist in foot problems
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Podalgia
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pain in the foot
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Proctoscopy
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examination of the anus and rectum with a scope
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Proctologist
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medical specialist in the anus and rectum
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Prosopoplegia
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facial paralysis (prosopo- face)
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Pygostyle
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spinal tail of birds
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Renal
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pertaining to the kidney
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Rhinoplasty
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reconstructive surgery of the nose
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Rhinitis
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inflammation of the nose
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Sarcoma
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malignant tumor of flesh tissue (not from lining cells of the body, those are carcinomas)
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Scelalgia
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pain in the lower part of the leg (human) (scelo- leg)
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Psychosomatic
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mental or emotional problems that acts as physical problem (somat- body)
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Somatotropin
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growth hormone
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Splanchnic
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pertaining to the viscera (soft internal organs)
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Splenomegaly
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enlarged spleen
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Thelorrhagia
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bloody discharge from nipple
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Thoracotomy
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surgical incision into the pleural cavity
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Thoracolumbar
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pertaining to the junction of the chest and loin
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Thymoma
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tumor of the thymus gland
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Trachelorrhapy
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suture of torn or lacerated cervix
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Tracheobronchitis
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inflammation of the windpipe and its branches
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Uranoschisis
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cleft palate (located in mouth) (urano- palate)
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Uvula
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little grape-like flesh that hangs from the soft palate in humans
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Visceroparietal
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pertaining to soft internal organs and the abdominal wall (viscero- soft internal organs)
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Ambulate
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to walk
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Ambulance
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vehicle to transport patients that cannot walk
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Chondrosarcoma
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malignant tumor of cartilage (chondro- cartilage)
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Cleidocranial
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pertaining to clavicle and head
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Femoral condyle
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rounded projections on end of the thigh bone
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Costrochrondral
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pertaining to a rib and its cartilage
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Coxofermoral
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pertaining to the hip and the thigh bone
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Coxalgia
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pain in the hip
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Craniotomy
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incision into the skull
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Craniospinal
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pertaining to the skull and bones of the spine
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Polydactyly
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excessive number of fingers or toes
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DJD
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degenerative joint disease (unavoidable with age)
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Fibula
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smaller outer bone of leg below knee cap (think old fashion hair barret(clasp)
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Genioplasty
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reconstructive surgery on the chin (genio- chin)
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Genucubital
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pertaining to the knees and elbows (genu- knee)
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Ilium
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upper part of hip bone
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Ischium
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lower part of hip bone
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Kinesiology
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study of the body’s movement
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Mandible
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lower jawbone
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Maxilla
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upper jawbone (vs. mandible = lower jawbone)
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Ossification
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forming bone
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Osteoarthritis
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inflammation of the bones of a joint
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Phalanx
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finger or toes bones
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Rachiotome
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instrument for cutting the spine (rachio- spine)
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Rabdomyolysis
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breaking up of skeletal muscle (rhabdomyo- skeletal muscle)
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Sacrum
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triangular bone below lumbar vertebrae (last to degrade after death(sacrum = sacred))
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Sacroiliac
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junction of the end of the spine and the hip bone
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Scapula
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shovel-shaped bone (shoulder blade)
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Pylorospasm
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involuntary contraction of the end of the stomach
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Spasmolytic
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stopping an involuntary contraction
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Cerebrospinal
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pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
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Spondylopathy
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disease of the spine (spondylo- vertebrae)
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Sternocostal
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pertaining to the breastbone and ribs
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Syndesmorrhaphy
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suturing of a ligament (syndesmo- band (ligament))
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Talotibial
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pertaining to the ankle and large lower leg bone
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Talus
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highest of the ankle bones
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Tarsus
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ankle, bone in angle between tibia and metatarsals of foot
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Tarsalgia
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pain in the ankle (trasus = ankle)
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Tendotome
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an instrument used to cut a tendon
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Tibia
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inner, larger bone below knee
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Tibiotarsal
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junction between large shin bone and ankle
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Tonometer
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instrument for measuring eye tension (pressure) (tono- tone, tension)
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Ulna
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bone of forearm from elbow to little finger side of wrist
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Brachygnathia
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short jawed (gnathia = jaw)
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Alimentary
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concerned with nutrition
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BM
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bowel movement
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Borborygmus
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digestive rumbling
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Dyschezia
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difficulty in defecation (schezia = defecate)
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Hematochezia
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(red) blood in the feces (colon)
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Colon
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lower intestine
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Adipsia
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not drinking ("a-dips-ia")
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Polydipsia
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excessive drinking
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Duodenum
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upper SI about 12 finger widths long
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Emetic
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causing vomiting
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Emesis
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act of vomiting(muscle action involved)
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Enteritis
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inflammation of the intestines
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Esophagus
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food tube from pharynx to stomach
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GI
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gastrointestinal (mouth to anus)
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Gingival
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pertaining to the gums
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Ileum
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last part of SI b/f the colon (watch the spelling: not ilium)
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Jejunum
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middle segment of SI
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Masseter
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chewing muscle of the jaw
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MCT
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medium chain triglyceride (give to patients with gastrointestinal diseases)
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Molar
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tooth than (that) grinds like a millstone
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Opsonin
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enticing to phagocytosis (Opson = provisions (seasoning))
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Anorexia
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lack of appetite
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Pepsin
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enzyme for digestive process
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Dyspeptic
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discomfort following a meal
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Postprandial
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following a meal
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Ptyalin
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an enzyme in saliva (p is silent)
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Purgative
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causing the bowels to empty (purgatio- cleansing)
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Pylorus
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gate from stomach to duodenum
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Pyloromyotomy
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cutting the muscle at the end of the stomach (gate-muscle-cut into)
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Scatoscopy
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examining the feces for diagnostic evidence (scato- feces, dung)
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Trismus
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spasm of the chewing muscles (tetanus – lock jaw) (Trismus = gnashing (clamp jaw shut))
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Atrophy
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wasting away, as if from no nutrition
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Hypertrophy
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excessive growth requiring excess nutrients (lifting weights)
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Villi
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surface protrusions that are like tufts of hair (in SI)
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Gastrostomy
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feeding tube into stomach
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BPH
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benign prostatic hypertrophy(excess growth)
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen (in protein, dialysis, monitor for kidney failure)
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CRD, CRF
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chronic renal (disease or failure)
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Nocturnal enuresis
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bed wetting
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GFR
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glomerular filtration rate
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IVP
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intravenous pyelography
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Nephropathy
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disease of the kidney
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Pollakiuria
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abnormally frequent urination (vs. polyuria = large amount of urine but not more often)
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Sp Gr
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specific gravity (water = 1, glomerulus = 1.010 (ten ten), normal urine = 1.030)
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Spectrometer
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instrument that measures index of light reflection
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UA
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urinalysis
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Anuresis
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urine retention
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Ureter
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urine tube from the kidney to the bladder
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Ureterolith
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a calculus (stone) in the ureter
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Urethra
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urine tube from the bladder to the outside
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Hematuria
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blood in the urine
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Pyuria
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pus in the urine
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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Vesicorenal
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pertaining to the kidney and urinary bladder (vesico- bladder)
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AED
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Automated external defibrillator
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Angiogram
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a radiograph after administering a contrast media in the vessel (angio- vessel)
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Angiogenesis
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growing new blood vessels
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Artery
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blood vessel that carries air (oxygenated blood)
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Arterial
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pertaining to carry of oxygenated blood
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Atherosclerosis
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yellow plaques in arteries
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AV
|
atrioventricular (bundle & node)
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BP
|
blood pressure
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Brachycardia
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slow heart beat
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Cardiovascular
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pertaining to heart and blood vessels
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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CPR
|
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CVP
|
central venous pressure (mm of water)
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ECG, EKG
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electrocardiogram
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HR
|
heart rate
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Infarct
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necrosis of tissue from obstructed arterial supply
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LA, LL, RA, RL
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left arm, left leg, right arm, right leg
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mm Hg
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millimeters of mercury
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PDA
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patent ductus arteriosus (“open-tube-artery”) (pulmonary artery to aorta that did not clamp off at birth)
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Pulse
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palpable expansion and contraction of an artery (gives no indication of blood pressure)
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PVC
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premature ventricular contraction (occur after normal heart contraction)
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Arrhythmia
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lack of heart rhythm (a-rhythmia)
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RV
|
right ventricle
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SA
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sinoatrial (pacemaker)
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Saphenous
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obvious vein above the heel or hock (saphenous vein)
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Stethoscope
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instrument for listening to heart sounds
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Tachycardia
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rapid heart beat
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Venostasis (_ blood)
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stopping the flow of unoxygenated blood
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Venipuncture
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sticking a needle in a vein
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Intravenous
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inside a vein
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Balloon angioplasty(diagram)
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blow up balloon to open artery or vein blocked by fat/plaque
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Aerophagia
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swallowing air
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Anaerobic
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grows without air
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Aspiration
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breathing in of a foreign substance
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Asthma
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constriction and obstruction of airways
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Bronchodilator
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something that opens the small airways
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Bronchi
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airway branches off the trachea
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Acapnia
|
a deficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues (capno- carbon dioxide)
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Capnophilic
|
bacteria that grow best in carbon dioxide (capno- carbon dioxide)
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COPD
|
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Crepitation
|
crackling sounds (backleg)
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Expectorare
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to expel from the chest
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Halitus
|
exhalation
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Halitosis
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offensive odorous breath
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Laryngoscope
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instrument to view the voice box
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Laryngoplegia
|
paralysis of the voice box
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Nasolacrimal
|
pertaining to the tear duct and nose
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Anoxia
|
no oxygen (-oxia oxygen)
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Hypoxia
|
decreased oxygen (-oxia = oxygen)
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Apnea
|
no breathing
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Dyspnea
|
difficulty in breathing (pnea = breath)
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Pneumonia
|
inflammation of the lungs with congestion
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Cardiopulmonary
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pertaining to the heart and lungs
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Rales
|
fine crackles sounds in the lungs
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Respiration
|
act of breathing
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Rhonchus
|
a continuous snoring sound in throat, trachea, or bronchi
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Asphyxia
|
(literally “lack of pulse”) contemporary meaning is “suffocation”
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Spirogram
|
graph of respiratory movements (spiro- to breathe)
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Stertorous
|
snoring or similar to snoring (can hear from distance)
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TB
|
tuberculosis
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Antitussive
|
cough suppressant
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Pertussis
|
whooping cough (bacterial disease) (tussis = cough)
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URI
|
upper respiratory infection
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Ventilate
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to replace air in an enclosed space
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