Biomechanics Week 1

Front 1

Define biomechanics

Back 1

The study of forces that are applied to the outside and inside of the body and the body’s reaction to those forces
How forces relate to mass an motion
Quantifying human movement in terms of physical principles

Front 2

What are the different branches of biomechanics

Back 2

Rigid body mechanics
Deformable body mechanics
Fluid mechanics

Front 3

How do the branches of biomechanics relate to PT

Back 3

Rigid body mechanics – motion and loading of joints and segments
Deformable body mechanics – tissues like tendons bones ct

Front 4

What are the five kinematic variables

Back 4

Velocity
Acceleration
Time
Position
Displacement

Front 5

What is linear motion

Back 5

All parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of the body
Jet out jaw – movement in one plane
Can be curved linear – like walking with marks on head

Front 6

What is angular motion

Back 6

Motion where a rigid body moves in a circular path around some pivot point, where all points in the body simultaneously rotate in the same angular direction around and axis of rotation.

Front 7

What is osteokinematics

Back 7

Motion of bones relative to cardinal planes (rotatory motion)

Front 8

What is arthokinematics

Back 8

Motion of bones at articular surfaces (translatory motion), like gliding or sliding at the joint

Front 9

What is kinesiology

Back 9

Study of motion

Front 10

What is physical therapy

Back 10

Assessment and treatment of pain and motor dysfunction.

Front 11

what are the branches of kinesiology

Back 11

biomechanics
motor control
exercise physiology
neuroscience

Front 12

what is rigid body mechanics

Back 12

position, velocity, acceleration, force, power
motion/loading of joints and segments or entire body

Front 13

deformable body mechanics

Back 13

stress, strain, stiffness
tissue level such as tendons, bones, ct, muscle
what is the loading, is there a bend – tendons stretching

Front 14

what are the branches of rigid body mechanics

Back 14

statics – not moving even when force is applied
dymamics – moving

Front 15

kinematics

Back 15

description of motion in 2 or 3D, time relative to a defining event, without forces that produced the motion
variables can be instantaneous or average

Front 16

kinetics

Back 16

forces that produce movement
and interacting forces

Front 17

velocity

Back 17

change in position over change in time
slope of displacement graph

Front 18

acceleration

Back 18

change in velocity over change in time
slope of velocity curve

Front 19

position

Back 19

relative to frame of reference

Front 20

what are frontal plane osteokinematic movements?

Back 20

abduction, adduction, side flexion of the trunk, inversion/eversion of ankle, radial/ulnar deviation of wrist

Front 21

what are sagittal plane osteokinematic movements?

Back 21

flexion, extension, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, counternutation, and nutation of sacrum

Front 22

what are transverse plane osteokinematic movements?

Back 22

rotation, and horizontal abduction, adduction

Front 23

what is the AOR

Back 23

axis of rotation
axis is perpendicular to the plane of motion
aor is located in the convex joint

Front 24

closed chain versus open chain

Back 24

closed is when the distl segment of the kinematic chain is fixed to the earth or another immovable object so that the proximal segment is free to move.

Front 25

convex-concave rule

Back 25

convex moving on concave – joint gliding and bone movement are in opposite directions (abducting shoulder laterally – gliding movement of bone is down.)
concave moving on convex – joint gliding and bone movement are in same direction (extending the knee – joint gliding is foreward)

Front 26

what is the arthrokinematic roll

Back 26

the multiple contact points move (similar to a tire

Front 27

what is the arthrokinematic glide/slide

Back 27

one contact point on a moving surface (like a tire that has locked its brakes)

Front 28

what is the arthrokinematic spin

Back 28

one contact point on each surface (like ice skateing)

Front 29

degrees of freedom

Back 29

the number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint. Can have up to three angular (corresponding to the ability to rotate in cardinal planes) or three linear (related to the ability to translate passively in the cardinal planes)

Front 30

how do we study biomechanics

Back 30

qualitative – increased/decreased motion, weak/strong muscles, pain
quantitative – quantify angles or forces