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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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function of muscle?
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produce motion
support and stability |
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which muscle is continously active in standing posture
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quadratus lumborum
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how would a force of 5lbs @ T1 affect the spine if no muscle support?
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would permanently displace the spine
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what are 2 sources of muscle tension
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active tension-contractile element
passive tension- elastic properties of muscle fiber and fascia |
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what are the thin and thick muscle fibers called?
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actin and myosin
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what are 2 ways of producing tension in the elastic componenets of muscle
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active contraction
passive stretch |
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what is difference between primary and secondary musculo-tendonous unit
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primary is parrallel w/ contraction
secondary is is in series w/ contraction |
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benefits of elasticity/ distensibility of muscles
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allows return to resting position oofter contraction
protects the contractile components from passive overstretching and injury shock absorbtion |
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viscoelastic effects when touching your toes?
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intial stretch is elastic
further stretch elongation from viscosity of muscle tendon structure |
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The force actively caused by a contraction on the bony lever is called
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muscle tension
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external force exerted on the muscle is the
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resistance
load |
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rotational force vector at a joint?
bending force vector @ joint? |
torque
moment |
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3 types of contraction
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isometric
concentric eccentric |
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isometric contraction qualities?
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no change in muscle length
little to no joint movement stabilization 1st type of rehab |
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Concentric contraction
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Muscle shortens (overcome resistance)
Joint moves builds strength & endurance |
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Eccentric Contraction
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muscle lengthens while contracting
deceleration and dampening of joint motion creates most tension..later rehab |
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what relationships effect the force production of a muscle
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length-tension (resting best)
load velocity (fast moving) Force-time (how long is the muscle contracted for? |
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How is the tension length relationship for a whole muscle different from just that of a sarcomere
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sarcomere (active) has an ideal length @ resting length...
Add in the passive elastic tension of other components and tension increases more with length |
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how does the number of joints crossed by muscle affect passive tension
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1 joint- normally not stretched denough to affect daily activities
2 joints-significant stretch...i.e hamstring crossing hip and knee. |
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Hows does Load/force velocity relationship differ in concentric vs. eccentric contractions?
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Concentric: greater load=slower velocity of muscle shortening
Eccentric: greater the load=faster shortening of the muscle |
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How does the force time relationship relationship work
how is the timing for contractive compared to elastic components |
The longer the contraction time the greater the force developed (up to max tension)
10 msec contractive, 300msec elastic(tendon) to bone |
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besidesthe 3 mechanics properties, what other 4 factors effect muscle force production?
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1.architecture
2. temperature 3. fatigue 4. pre-stretching |
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How does muscle architecture effect force?
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shorter fatter muscles create more force.
ie. the more sarcomeres lie in parallel, the greater the physiological cross sectional area (PSCA) |
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How does pre-stretched plyometric position effect concentric contraction
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performs more work when starting from a pre-stretched state. Some elastic energy is used like a sling shot.
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How does temperature affect muscle force.
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increase enzymatic activity thus efficiency. prestretch elasticity.
blood flow increase |
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3 effects of physical training
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activation of motor pathways
increase in cross sectional area of fibers relative % of fiber types may change |
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Another name for resting tension
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Muscle tone
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2 components of muscle tone?
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basic viscoelastic properties of CT associated w/ muscle ( no EMG activity)
activation degree of crantractile components ( EMG activity) |
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How does the force time relationship relationship work
how is the timing for contractive compared to elastic components |
The longer the contraction time the greater the force developed (up to max tension)
10 msec contractive, 300msec elastic(tendon) to bone |
|
|
besidesthe 3 mechanics properties, what other 4 factors effect muscle force production?
|
1.architecture
2. temperature 3. fatigue 4. pre-stretching |
|
|
How does muscle architecture effect force?
|
shorter fatter muscles create more force.
ie. the more sarcomeres lie in parallel, the greater the physiological cross sectional area (PSCA) |
|
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How does pre-stretched plyometric position effect concentric contraction
|
performs more work when starting from a pre-stretched state. Some elastic energy is used like a sling shot.
|
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How does temperature affect muscle force.
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increase enzymatic activity thus efficiency. prestretch elasticity.
blood flow increase |
|
|
3 effects of physical training
|
activation of motor pathways
increase in cross sectional area of fibers relative % of fiber types may change |
|
|
Another name for resting tension
|
Muscle tone
|
|
|
2 components of muscle tone?
|
basic viscoelastic properties of CT associated w/ muscle ( no EMG activity)
activation degree of crantractile components ( EMG activity) |
|
|
external force exerted on the muscle is the
|
resistance
load |
|
|
rotational force vector at a joint?
bending force vector @ joint? |
torque
moment |
|
|
3 types of contraction
|
isometric
concentric eccentric |
|
|
isometric contraction qualities?
|
no change in muscle length
little to no joint movement stabilization 1st type of rehab |
|
|
Concentric contraction
|
Muscle shortens (overcome resistance)
Joint moves builds strength & endurance |
|
|
Eccentric Contraction
|
muscle lengthens while contracting
deceleration and dampening of joint motion creates most tension..later rehab |
|
|
what relationships effect the force production of a muscle
|
length-tension (resting best)
load velocity (fast moving) Force-time (how long is the muscle contracted for? |
|
|
How is the tension length relationship for a whole muscle different from just that of a sarcomere
|
sarcomere (active) has an ideal length @ resting length...
Add in the passive elastic tension of other components and tension increases more with length |
|
|
how does the number of joints crossed by muscle affect passive tension
|
1 joint- normally not stretched denough to affect daily activities
2 joints-significant stretch...i.e hamstring crossing hip and knee. |
|
|
Hows does Load/force velocity relationship differ in concentric vs. eccentric contractions?
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Concentric: greater load=slower velocity of muscle shortening
Eccentric: greater the load=faster shortening of the muscle |
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another name for viscoelastic properties
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Thixotrophy
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Thixotrophy effects in muscle...
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The more a muscle is moved adn the faster....the less stiff (resistant) it is.
after 10 mins rest 3x stiffening... |
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What is sticking together in thixotrophy of muscles
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actin and myosin filaments
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How is high viscosity of resting muscle helpful?
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Helps maintain posture without expending energy.
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