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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What biomechanical consequence results from the lateral femoral condyle being smaller than the
medial? |
More load is transmitted through the medial joint.
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What biomechanical consequence results from the lateral femoral condyle being smaller than the
medial? |
Using soft heel strikes.
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Which muscle fiber type develops tension the quickest?
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Type II
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What is a consequence of closed-chain exercises on the knee?
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Increased joint reaction forces.
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What is the most inherently unstable joint of the human body?
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Shoulder.
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Stress-relaxation can be defined as a
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reduction of stress in a material over time as the material is subjected to constant deformation.
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Passive insufficiency is described as
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the inability of a two-joint muscle to stretch to the extent required to allow full range of motion at all
joints crossed. |
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What postures or lifting advice could you give to reduce shear loads on the knee, thus sparing the
passive restraints? |
Do not flex the knees past 90 degrees.
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Elevation of the humerus in any plane is accompanied by what approximate amount and type of
motion? |
55 degrees of external rotation.
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Which is the most likely injury mechanism in the majority of chronic whiplash injuries?
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S-shape sagittal curve configuration leading to facet joint impaction
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Which is of the following is an example of a closed-chain exercise?
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Squats.
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Which is NOT a pure motion of the lower cervical spine?
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Rotation around an axis parallel with the zigapophyseal joint plane.
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Which type of contraction produces the most tensile load on a tendon?
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Eccentric.
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Avulsion fractures are most likely to occur in what type of person?
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Pediatric.
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What is the single most important factor in determining the potential tensile force generated by a
muscle contraction? |
The physiologic cross-sectional area of the muscle.
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Flexion of a motion segment is a combination of which two motions typically?
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Anterior rotation and anterior translation.
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What condition is most often underlying the majority of "spontaneous" tendon ruptures?
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Tendinosis.
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Which structure is the major player in resisting excessive flexion in the lumbar spine?
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Z joint.
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Elongation of a collagen fiber past 4% of its length typically leads to:
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injury
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The inability of a muscle to develop maximal tension when the muscle is in a shortened state is termed
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Active insufficiency
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In which type of loading is bone the strongest?
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Compression
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Which muscle fiber arrangement can shorten over a greater distance, thus moving a joint through a
greater range of motion? |
Fusiform.
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When an actively tensed muscle is stretched just prior to contraction, the resulting contraction is more
forceful than in the absence of the precontraction stretch. This describes the: |
Stretch-shortening cycle
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Which of the following is NOT a biomechanical function of articular cartilage?
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Protect the subchondral bone.
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Continued elongation of a ligament under a constant load is an example of
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Creep
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What is the most common cause of abnormal forces on bone that lead to a fatigue fracture?
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Muscle fatigue
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What is the Q-angle?
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Angle formed between the ASIS, the center of the patella, and the tibial tuberosity
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In which position of the elbow is the moment arm of the triceps muscle the largest?
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0° of flexion (full extension)
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The greatest joint torque is produced by maximum tension in a muscle that is:
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Anatomically attached as close to the joint center as possible.
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By the end of the day, you are 1-2% shorter. What is the most likely mechanism?
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Creep of the annulus fibrosis
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Which type of lever classification best describes most joints of the human body?
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Third class.
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Which structure makes up the parallel elastic component of a musculotendinous unit?
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Perimysium
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1. Which muscle is most commonly injured in an adductor strain?
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Adductor Longus
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What region of the femur is most prone to fracture due to large shear forces
placed upon it? |
Femoral Neck
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What feature of the femur allows the center of mass of the body to be more
centered over the distal femur during one-legged stance? |
Varus Angulation
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What motion occurs with the pelvis during extension of the hip joint?
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Anterior Tilt
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What is the Q-angle?
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Angle formed between the ASIS, the center of the patella, and the tibial
tuberosity |
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Which muscle is the major abductor of the hip joint?
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Gluteus Medius
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Which motion of the hip produces the most tension in the iliofemoral ligament?
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Extension.
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What structure attaches to the rim of the acetabulum and deepens the socket?
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Labrum
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What biomechanical consequence results from the lateral femoral condyle being
smaller than the medial? |
More load is transmitted through the medial joint.
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What percentae of ACL injuries are "non-contact"?
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70 percent
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Which muscle acts to internally rotate the tibia when the knee goes from full
extension to flexion? |
Popliteus
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How do the knee menisci assist in reducing the loads on the joint surfaces of the
femur and tibia? |
Distribute the load over a larger area.
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Which movement of the knee increases shear forces at the knee joint the most?
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Flexion.
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What is an negative consequence of knee bracing?
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Change in muscle activation patterns that cause more work to be performed
at the hip. |
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What direction of abnormal patellar tracking most commonly leads to
patellofemoral pain syndrome? |
Lateral.
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Which is NOT an active motion available at the knee joint?
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Adduction.
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What is the most common location of a meniscal tear in the knee?
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Posterior horn medial meniscus.
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What is a biomechanical function of the patella?
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Decreased patellofemoral contact stress.
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What is a consequence of closed-chain exercises on the knee?
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Increased joint reaction forces.
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What is one reason why patellofemoral contact stresses increase with increasing
knee flexion angles? |
The force vector directed posteriorly increases as knee flexion angle
increases. |
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What is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in adults?
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Patellofemoral pain syndrome.
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Which motions are coupled with knee flexion?
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Medial rotation of the tibia and anterior translation of the femur
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Which normally occuring bursa usually communicates with the knee joint and is
commonly involved in the formation of a Baker's cyst? |
Semimbranosis/Gastrocnemius
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What motion of the tibia is coupled with pronation of the foot?
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Internal rotation
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What is the most commonly injured ligament in the human body?
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Anterior talofibular
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Which joint contributes to supination and pronation of the foot?
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Transverse Tarsal
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What motion of the foot can provide a small amount of extra ankle dorsiflexion?
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Pronation
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Where is the most common location for stress fracture in the lower extremity?
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2nd and 3rd metatarsals
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What is the kinematic and/or biomechanical advantage of external rotation
occurring with elevation of the humerus? |
Maximizes the distance between the greater tuberosity and the acromion
process |
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At what degree of active shoulder abduction is the peak glenohumeral joint
reaction force generated? |
90 degrees.
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Elevation of the humerus in any plane is accompanied by what approximate
amount and type of motion? |
55 degrees of external rotation.
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In which position of the elbow is the moment arm of the triceps muscle the
largest? |
0 degrees of flexion (full extension)
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six determinants of gait?
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Knee flexion in swing phase.
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