Biomechanics Exam Ii

Front 1

Whats the difference between mobility and stability

Back 1

mobitliy tends to rotate mucles and stability tends to do translatory

Front 2

3 Specific Isokenetic proproties

Back 2

1. fixed velocity, resistance varies

2. resistant is dependant upon effort

3. resistance is parallel to the lever arm

Front 3

Define Strength

Back 3

Ability to apply force and active tension

Front 4

What is passive tension?

Back 4

after toe region, when stretch is taken into the plastic or elastic region

Front 5

Muscle force is dependant on what type of factors?

Back 5

- muscle size
- architecture
- length-tension relationship
- age and gender

Front 6

Action Tension =

Back 6

contraction due to cross bridge formation

Front 7

Discribe end rage elongation with active insufficiency

Back 7

no actin/myosin overlap

Front 8

Discribe the facet joints orientation

Back 8

lumbar-sagittal
thoracis- frontal
cervial- tranvserse

Front 9

Intervertebral disk is composed of?

Back 9

water, collagen and proteogylcans

Front 10

What is the most common type of bulge

Back 10

thinner posterior- bulges anteriorly

Front 11

What is the rectus abdominus responsible for?

Back 11

flex trunk
upward pelvis rotation(the same thing as posterior pelvic tilt)

Front 12

What is responsible for hip hike? (lateral flexion)

Back 12

quadratus lumborum

Front 13

Spinal Mobility is determined by-

Back 13

1. orientation of facet joints

2. inherent mobility
3. height of disk
4. disk mobility

Front 14

T/F there is a lot of rotation between C1 and C2

Back 14

TRUE BABY

Front 15

In rotation- superior facet glides in same/Opposit Direction of the rotation

Back 15

OPPOSITE

Front 16

lumbar-pelvic rhythm relationship

Back 16

lumbar flexion occurs first- then pelvis tilts during forward bending

Front 17

How does the spine resist torsion

Back 17

- outer layer of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disks resists torsional forces

Front 18

What is the most effective structure in the lumbar spine for resisting torsion?

Back 18

ANNULUS

Front 19

Normal lumbosacral angle-

Back 19

41

Front 20

what creates the greatest force on a disk?

Back 20

combines tension, axial compression and bending all from SITTING!

Front 21

if you have a disk gerniatioin at L4-L5 what is it caused by?

Back 21

rupture of posterior anulus fibrosis

Front 22

scoliosis humps are due to-

Back 22

rotation of the vertebra to the complexity of the lateral curvature

Front 23

what regions are more free for lateral bending?

Back 23

thorasic Spine

Front 24

what regions are more free for flexing

Back 24

cervical

Front 25

which region has most extension?

Back 25

lumbar

Front 26

what spinal region is most stable?

Back 26

thoracic

Front 27

what type of forces are common in the spine?

Back 27

shearing forces (due to poor posture)

Front 28

Discribe forward head posture

Back 28

ears should be above acromian process of spine

moment- upper flexion an dlower extension of the spine

Front 29

c1 lacks....

Back 29

vertbral body and a spinous process

Front 30

in cervical osteology, spinous processes are usually?

Back 30

bifid

Front 31

what provides support from axis to occiput?

Back 31

anterior cruciform liament

Front 32

what helps limit facet joint distraction?

Back 32

articular capsules

Front 33

what type of joint is A-A

Back 33

pivot joint

Front 34

Is there a disk in A -A joint?

Back 34

No

Front 35

With lower cervical spine, where is the most movement occuring?

Back 35

C4/5 and C5/6

Front 36

what type of moevement is c 4/5

Back 36

side bends / rotations

Front 37

what type of movement is c 5/6

Back 37

flex/ ext

Front 38

iliac crest lines up with what vertebrae

Back 38

L4

Front 39

PSIS is at what vertebrae level

Back 39

S2

Front 40

C-1 transverse process can be found where?

Back 40

mastiod

Front 41

T7 is around what landmark

Back 41

inferior angle of scapula

Front 42

Functions of thorax

Back 42

- respiration
- protect lungs, and other organs
- arm attachement
- added stability
- rib attachements

Front 43

where are the demi-facets on vretebral bodies

Back 43

concave- where ribs attach

Front 44

rib 1 attaches to the

Back 44

manubrium

Front 45

Whats the difference between true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

Back 45

T- attach directly to the sternum (2-7)

F- attach to cartilginous structure (8-10)

FL- end articulation (11-12)

Front 46

As the ribs meet the spine,m discribe their orientation

Back 46

comes FROM postero, latero, infero angle

Front 47

What is unique to the ribs?

Back 47

radiate ligament

Front 48

thoracic facets favor what movement?

Back 48

sidebend and rotation over flexion and extension

Front 49

Movement frame of reference of facet joints

Back 49

- superior moves on stationary inferior

Front 50

Lateral flexibitiliy of the spine increases you move up or down the spine?

Back 50

descending

Front 51

what joint would permit you to have forefoot pronation and normal rearfoot position?

Back 51

Transverse Tarsal Joint (TTJ)

Front 52

What joint is working if entire foot is pronated or supinated?

Back 52

Subtalar Joint (STJ)

Front 53

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of foot occurs in what plane?

Back 53

sagittal

Front 54

inversin and eversion of foot occur in what plane?

Back 54

Frontal

Front 55

What muscle inverts the foot?

Back 55

tibialis anterior and posterior

Front 56

What is the reference for foot deformites

Back 56

SUBTALOR Nutral

Front 57

dscribe subtalor nutral position

Back 57

calcaneous can invert twice as much as evert

Front 58

Adduction and Abduction of foot occurs mostly at what joint and in what plane?

Back 58

TTJ Transverse plane

Front 59

Calcaneovalgus

Back 59

talus - adducts
calcanius- evert (or pronate)

- rearfoot valgus
- equinovalgus

- very common

Front 60

CalcaneoVarus

Back 60

- CACL is inverted/supine
- Talus is aBducted

- rearfoot Varus
- equinovarus

Front 61

Foot valgus means=

Back 61

increase in medial angle

as a varus decreased this angle

Front 62

Forefoot Varus looks like-

Back 62

forefoot supination
TTJ problem

Front 63

If calc inversion in STJ...

Back 63

rearfoot VARUS

Front 64

purpose of arches

Back 64

shock absorption

Front 65

Discribe the rays of the foot

Back 65

(1-3) phalanges, metarsal and medial cuniform

(4-5) doesnt include the cubiod

Front 66

what joint would permit you to have forefoot pronation and normal rearfoot position?

Back 66

Transverse Tarsal Joint (TTJ)

Front 67

What joint is working if entire foot is pronated or supinated?

Back 67

Subtalar Joint (STJ)

Front 68

inversin and eversion of foot occur in what plane?

Back 68

Frontal

Front 69

Pronation (foot) =

Back 69

eversion
ABduction
dorsiflex

Front 70

Supination (foot) =

Back 70

Inversion
ADDuction
Plantarflex

Front 71

Eccesive pronation during heel strike -

Back 71

soft foot
rearfoot valgus
cant push off well

Front 72

CCP for talocrural

LLP

Back 72

MAX Dorsiflex

10deg flex, midway between inver and eversion

Front 73

CCP for Subtalor

LLP

Back 73

Supination

midway between extreme range of movement

Front 74

ATFL =

Back 74

- ant talofibular ligamant
- MOST COMMon sprained ankle!
(the second most common is calcaneofibular ligaments)

Front 75

position feet are in when the ankle usually gets sprained-

Back 75

- plantarflex and inverted

Front 76

Angle of torsion

Back 76

femur rotated 15 degrees

Front 77

Anteversion of Femur =

Back 77

Angle of torsion increased

Front 78

What could cause pigeon toes?

Back 78

anteversion of femur

Front 79

what could cause ASHI toes?

Back 79

retroversion of femur
(decreased angle of torsion)

Front 80

L5 and S1 angle degree-

Normal Q angle-

Back 80

41

125

Front 81

a coxa valgus could cause a genu?

Back 81

Genu VARUM

Front 82

A genu Varum does what to Q angle?

Back 82

DECREASE

Front 83

Whats another world for bowlegs?

Back 83

Genu VARUM

Front 84

Relate a Coxa Valgus to a decreased Q angle

Back 84

coxa valgus-> genu Varum->

-> decreased Q angle

Front 85

Discribe a possible process of the Q angle being increased starting from the hip?

Back 85

coxa VARUM -> Genu VALGA ->

-> increased Q

Front 86

whats another name for knock knees?

Back 86

genu valgus

Front 87

how many degrees of freedom does the knee have?

Back 87

2

Front 88

CPP of Knee

Back 88

full extension

Front 89

LPP of knee

Back 89

25 degrees flexion

Front 90

ACL attachments

Back 90

anterior TIBIAL
posterior FEMUR

Front 91

PCL attachements-

Back 91

posterior TIBIA
anterior FEMUR

Front 92

what protects against valgus and varus stresses in the posterior aspect of the knee?

Back 92

OPL - protects VALGUS

arcuate - protects VARUS

Front 93

Q angle "attachements"

Back 93

ASIS
Mid patella
Tibial Tuberosity

Front 94

q angle is normally how many degrees?

Back 94

15

Front 95

If the Q angle is increased, what will happen to the patellar tracking?

Back 95

lateral pull

Front 96

what is the knee in postition for the most lateral tibial rotation?

Back 96

flexed to 90 degrees

Front 97

discribe kinetic chains with respect to tibia and femur movements

Back 97

tibia of femur = OPEN

femur on tibia = CLOSED

Front 98

"unlocking" the knee =

Back 98

during squatting, the femur rotates laterally on a fixed fibia

Front 99

"locking of the knee in a closed kinetic chain"

Back 99

femur rotates medially on tibia during full extension

Front 100

what posiiton must the knee be in for greatest mechanical position of the quads?

Back 100

30-70 degrees flexion

Front 101

PFJA

Back 101

patella femoral joint arthralgia

Front 102

wrt to the muscles, how could there be a lateral patellar pull?

Back 102

vastus medialis insufficiency

and/or tight lateral retinaculum

Front 103

what represents bucket handles?

Back 103

lower ribs during respiration

Front 104

what represents a pump handle?

Back 104

upper ribs during inspiration

Front 105

what kinetic chain must be mimicked if there are compensations in other body regions?

Back 105

closed

Front 106

reference of SI joint movement

Back 106

sacrum moving on ilium

Front 107

flexion at SI joint can be called-

Back 107

Nutation

(limited by sacrospinous and sacrotuberous)

Front 108

LLP for Hip

Back 108

30 flex
30 abducted
lateral rotation

Front 109

almost all support of pubic symposis is due to...

Back 109

aponeurotic expansion

Front 110

discribe lateral tilt of the hips-

Back 110

Right hip hikes
BUT its because left hip drops

Front 111

when your body is making a left forward rotational movement, what happens to femur?

Back 111

internal rotation on weight bearing limb

Front 112

Hat is approx ___ body weight

Back 112

2/3

Front 113

most common painful condition of the hip

Back 113

osteoarthritis

Front 114

First palpatable spinous process =

Back 114

C2

Front 115

What is the name for the very upper and very lower thorasic vertebrae?

Back 115

transition vertibrae

Front 116

When are the ribs involved in synovial joints?

Back 116

only when they attach to the sternum (1-7)

Front 117

Annulus protecs against ___ forces, while pulposis protects against ______ forces.

Back 117

sheering

compression

Front 118

LORDOTIC COUPLING

Back 118

If LT Lateral Flexion...

Vertibral bodies LEFT
Spinous processses RT

Front 119

KYPHOTIC COUPLING

Back 119

if LT Lateral Bend...

Vertibral bodies RT
Spinous processes LEFT

Front 120

what side of the spinous processes would a hump be on?

Back 120

opposite side to the direction they are pointing.