Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
An incomplete bony ring in the upper extremity formed by the two scapulae and clavicles
|
Shoulder Girdle
|
|
|
Flat, triangular bone on the upper posterior thorax
|
Scapula
|
|
|
S shaped bone articulating with scapula and sternum
|
Clavicle
|
|
|
Depression in lateral superior scapula
Socket for shoulder joint |
Glenoid Fossa
|
|
|
Ring of fibrocartilage around rim of glenoid fossa
Deepens socket for shoulder joint |
Glenoid Labrum
|
|
|
Fibrous, fluid filled sac that reduces friction
Located between bones, tendons, and other structures |
Bursa
|
|
|
Bursa between acromion process and insertion of supraspinatus muscle
|
Subacromial Bursa
|
|
|
Curved process arising from upper neck of scapula
Overhangs shoulder joint |
Coracoid Process
|
|
|
Articulation between sternum and clavicle
|
Sternoclavicular Joint
|
|
|
Articulation between acromion process of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
|
Acromioclavicular Joint
|
|
|
Physiological joint between the scapula and thorax
|
Scapulothoracic Joint
|
|
|
Articulation between the head of humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
|
Glenohumeral Joint
|
|
|
Movesments of the Shoulder Complex (8)
|
Dislocation, Rotation, Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction, Horizontal Flexion & Extension
|
|
|
Movement relationship between humerus and scapula during arm raising movements
|
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
|
|
|
Scapular and clavicular movements accompany ___?
|
any arm movement
|
|
|
What are the 4 muscles surrounding the shoulder joint?
|
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis
|
|
|
The shoulder generates greatest strength during ___?
|
Adduction
|
|
|
The shoulder's weakest movements are ___ and ___
|
Internal and external rotation
|
|
|
Muscles generate almost _% of BW at 90 degrees abduction
|
90%
|
|
|
Injuries in the Shoulder Complex occur in from 2 ways: __ & __
|
Trauma and Repetitive joint actions
|
|
|
Rupture of fibers of ligament
|
Sprain
|
|
|
Partial dislocation
|
Subluxation
|
|
|
Break in bone, often clavicle
|
Fracture
|
|
|
Hardening of organic tissue through deposit of calcium salts in areas away from the normal sites
|
Ectopic Calcification
|
|
|
Deterioration of Tissue
|
Degeneration
|
|
|
Inflammation of bursa
|
Bursitis
|
|
|
Irritation of structures about shoulder joint
Due to compression between greater tuberosity and acromion process |
Impingement Syndrom
|
|
|
Common from impingement syndrome
|
Subacromial Bursitis
|
|
|
Inflammation of the tendon of the biceps brachii
|
Bicipital Tendinitis
|
|
|
Articulation between ulna and humerus
"Elbow" |
Ulnar Humeral Joint
|
|
|
Articulation between radius and humerus
|
Radiohumeral Joint
|
|
|
Angle between ulna and humerus with elbow extended
|
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles Carry Angle
|
|
|
What degrees is the Carrying Angle?
|
10 - 20 degrees
|
|
|
Articulations between ulna and radius
|
Radioulnar Joint
|
|
|
Thin layer of tissue running between ulna and radius
|
Interosseous membrane
|
|
|
___ groups are nearly twice as strong as ___ groups
|
Flexor and Extensor
|
|
|
Bone formation away from normal site
|
Ectopic Bone
|
|
|
Torn or disrupted tissue
|
Rupture
|
|
|
Medial elbow pain from excessive valgus forces
"Pitchers Elbow" |
Medial Tension Syndrome
|
|
|
Inflammation of bone and cartilage resulting in splitting pieces of cartilage into the joint
|
Osteochondritis Dissecans
|
|
|
"Wrist" or Ellipsoid Joint
Flexion/Extension, Radial/Ulnar Flexion |
Radiocarpal
|
|
|
Articulation between two rows of carpals
|
Midcarpal
|
|
|
Articulation between a pair of carpals
|
Intercarpal
|
|
|
Articulations between carpals and metacarpals
|
Carpometacarpal
|
|
|
Articulations between metacarpals and phalanges
|
Metacarpophalangeal
|
|
|
Articulations between phalanges
|
Interphalangeal
|
|
|
Mound of radial side of palm formed by intrinsic muscles acting on thumb
|
Thenar Eminence
|
|
|
Mound on ulnar side of palm created by intrinsic muscles acting on little finger
|
Hypothenar Eminence
|
|
|
Powerful hand position
Maximally flexing fingers around object |
Power Grip
|
|
|
FIne movement hand position
Minimally flexing fingers around object |
Precision Grip
|
|
|
Longitudinal fracture of base of 1st metacarpal
|
Bennett's Fracture
|
|
|
Avulsion of finger extensor tendons at distal phalanx
|
Mallet Finger
|
|
|
Stiff proximal interphalangeal articulation
|
Boutonniere Deformity
|
|
|
Avulsion of finger flexor
|
Jersey Finger
|
|
|
Snapping during flexion and extension of fingers
|
Trigger Finger
|
|
|
Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendon
|
Tenosynovitis
|
|
|
Pressure and constriction of median nerve
|
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
|
|
|
___ and ___ provide stability.
|
Ligaments and Muscles
|
|
|
How can you reduce injury from occurring?
|
Stretching and Strength Training
|
|
|
The lower limbs are connected to eachother and the trunk by the ___?
|
Pelvic Girdle
|
|
|
What is the function of the pelvis?
|
Establishes the correct positioning for lower extremity and trunk
|
|
|
Both the pelvic and shoulder girdles ___, ___, and ___
|
Provide protection, serve as muscle attachment sites, and move to accomodate limb movements
|
|
|
What are the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle?
|
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
|
|
|
A fibrous band of fascia running down lateral thigh attaching across knee
|
Illiotibial Band
|
|
|
Extension of the thigh is caused by what 2 muscles?
|
Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus
|
|
|
What 4 muscles abduct the thigh?
|
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae, and piriformis
|
|
|
What 5 muscles adduct the thigh?
|
Gracialis, adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, and the pectineus
|
|
|
Standing: Hip load is ___%
|
30
|
|
|
Standing on 1 Limb: Hip load is ___.
|
2.5-3.0 x BW
|
|
|
Stair climbing: Hip load is ___
|
3x BW
|
|
|
Walking: Hip load is ___
|
4 -7x BW
|
|
|
Running: Hip load is ___
|
up to 10x BW
|
|
|
The hip can withstand ___ BW
|
12-15x
|
|
|
Conditioning should focus on the ___ and ___ of all muscles.
|
Flexibility and Resistance
|
|
|
More than ___% of hip injuries occur in the soft tissue
|
60%
|
|
|
Overuse injuries to the pelvis and hip joint account for only __%
|
5%
|
|
|
___% will occur during running
|
62%
|
|
|
___% are associated with varum alignment in the legs
|
62%
|
|
|
___% due to length discrepancy
|
30%
|
|
|
The knee is what kind of joint?
|
Double Condyloid Joint
|
|
|
The knee has __ degrees of freedom which are __ and __
|
2, Flexion and Extension
|
|
|
The knee joint consists of three articulations? __, __, and __
|
Tibiofemoral, Patellafemoral, and Fibiofemoral
|
|
|
What muscle group extends the knee?
|
Quadriceps Femoris
|
|
|
What are the muscles within the Quadriceps Femoris?
|
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis, and Vastus Medialis
|
|
|
What muscle group flexes the knee?
|
Hamstrings
|
|
|
What are the muscles within the Hamstrings?
|
Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus
|
|
|
Rotators will be exercised with ___ movements
|
Flexor
|
|
|
The hamstring should be __ as strong as the Quadriceps at slow speeds, and __ strength at high speeds.
|
Half and Equal
|
|
|
The knee joint accounts for __-__% of injuries
|
25-70%
|
|
|
Running exerts forces of __x BW on the knee
|
3x BW
|
|
|
___ is the most common ligament injured in the knee
|
ACL
|
|
|
The foot and ankle consists of __ irregular shaped bones.
|
26
|
|
|
Most motion in the foot and ankle occurs in 3 joints __, __, and __
|
Talocrural, Subtalar, and Midtarsal
|
|
|
The proximal joint of the foot
|
Talocrural Joint
|
|
|
The talocrural joint is designed for __ rather than __
|
Stability rather than mobility
|
|
|
__ and __ are the largest weigh bearing bones in the foot
|
Talus and Calcaneus
|
|
|
The arch in the foot that most people refer to is the __
|
Medial Longitudinal Arch
|
|
|
What are the 3 arches in the foot?
|
Medial Longitudinal, Lateral Longitudinal, and Transverse
|
|
|
___ is the strongest movement of the foot and ankle
|
Plantarflexion
|
|
|
___ is minimally used in most daily activities and has low muscle mass involved (Foot)
|
Dorsiflexion
|
|
|
Hindfoot injuries usually occur due to ___ forces
|
Compressive
|
|
|
Midfoot injuries are often due to excessive ___
|
Lateral movements
|
|
|
Forefoot injuries are often due to __ and __ forces
|
Compressive and Tensile
|
|
|
The vertebral column provides __ and __
|
Support and Flexibility
|
|
|
The column consists of __ vertebrae, __ which are moveable
|
33 and 24
|
|
|
The vertebrae are arranged into __ curves that facilitate __
|
4, support
|
|
|
A functional unit of the spine, motion segment consists of ___ and ___.
|
2 adjacent vertebrae, and the disc that seperates them
|
|
|
During Hyperextension of the trunk the spine is compressed ___.
|
Anteriorly
|
|
|
During Flexion of the trunk the spine is compressed ___.
|
Posteriorly
|
|
|
During Rotation of the trunk there is __ force on the spine
|
Shear
|
|
|
What are the movements of the total spine?
|
Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Rotation
|
|
|
The __ region consists of the Atlas and Axis
|
Cervical
|
|
|
Articulation between __ and __ is the most mobile of the cervical region
|
Atlas and Axis
|
|
|
The __ region has very restricted movement
|
Thoracic
|
|
|
The __ region connects the ribs, orientation of facets, and long spinous processes restrict movement.
|
Thoracic
|
|
|
The __ region is the most highly loaded structure in the skeletal system
|
Lumbar
|
|
|
There are large vertebrae and large ROM in flexion and extension in this region
|
Lumbar
|
|
|
Fused vertebrae
|
Sacrum and Coccyx
|
|
|
Responsible for Trunk Extension
|
Erector Spinae and Paravertebral
|
|
|
What are the 3 muscles of Erector Spinae
|
Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
|
|
|
Responsible for Trunk Flexion
|
Abdominals
|
|
|
Contraction of muscles on both sides of vertebral column
|
Trunk Lateral Flexion
|
|
|
Complicated recruiment pattern of muscles on both sides of the vertebral column
|
Trunk Rotation
|
|
|
The __ acts as an elastic rod support
|
Spine
|
|
|
__ helps keep the spine erect
|
Erector spinae
|
|
|
When slouching, the __ and __ maintain posture
|
Ligaments and Joint Capsules
|
|
|
Unsupported sitting is more __ on the spine
|
Stenuous
|
|
|
Sitting: Lumbar lordosis is __ and the upper body center of gravity shifts __
|
Reduced and Forward
|
|
|
Spine concaves anteriorly
|
Kyphosis
|
|
|
Spine concaves posteriorly
|
Lordosis
|
|
|
__-__% of the general population will have back pain
|
60-80%
|
|
|
Back pain is a chronic problem for __-__%
|
1-5%
|
|
|
Back pain recurs __-__% of the time
|
30-70%
|
