Biomechanics Ch.4

Front 1

load

Back 1

a force or moment applied to a material

Front 2

compression

Back 2

a squeezing mechanical
loading created by forces in opposite directions acting along a longitudinal axis

Front 3

tension

Back 3

a pulling apart (making longer) of mechanical loading created by forces in opposite directions acting along the longitudinal axis of a material

Front 4

shear

Back 4

mechanical loading in opposite directions and at right angles to the surface of a material

Front 5

torsion

Back 5

opposing loads that twist an
object along its longitudinal axis

Front 6

bending

Back 6

a combination of forces on a
long body that tends to bend or curve the body creating tensile loads on one side and compression loads on the other side

Front 7

stress (mechanical)

Back 7

the force per unit area
in a material

Front 8

tensor

Back 8

a complex variable that cannot be described using only magnitude and direction

Front 9

strain (mechanical)

Back 9

the amount of deformation
of a material caused by an
applied force, usually expressed as a percentage change in dimensions

Front 10

yield point

Back 10

point on the load-deformation
curve where a material continues to deform without increasing load

Front 11

anisotropic

Back 11

having different mechanical properties for loading in different directions

Front 12

viscoelastic

Back 12

the property of a material
where force in the material is dependent on time and deformation

Front 13

hysteresis

Back 13

the energy loss within a
deformed material as it returns to its normal shape

Front 14

stress relaxation

Back 14

the decrease in stress in
a material over time when subjected to a constant force

Front 15

creep

Back 15

the increase in length (strain) over time as a material is constantly loaded

Front 16

corticle bone

Back 16

compact hard bone in the center

Front 17

cancellous bone

Back 17

spoungy bone near the ends of the bone