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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List of stance phase and swing phases: |
Stance: Loading response, Mid stance, Terminal stance --> Pre swing, Initial swing, Mid swing, Terminal swing. |
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What are the % of each stage? |
Loading stance: 0-10% Mid stance: 10 - 30% Terminal stance: 30-50% Pre swing: 50-60% Initial swing: 60 - 73% Mid swing: 73-87% Terminal swing: 87-100% |
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What are the 6 determinants of Gait? |
1. Pelvic Rotation 2. Pelvic Obliquity 3. Knee flexion 4. Ankle mechanism 5. Foot mechanism 6. Lateral displacement |
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What is the purpose of the 6 determinants of Gait? |
to minimize the excursion of COM |
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During contralateral swing phase the pelvis rotates posteroir to neutral then _____ degrees which is _____ cm displacement. 1st determinant* Pelvic rotation |
4 degrees and 0.95 cm |
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2nd determinant *Pelvic Obliquity values |
5 degrees and 0.5cm |
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3rd determinant *Knee Flexion values |
15 degrees, 1.1cm |
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Open chain actions of the TMT |
Active dorsiflexion puts the 1st and 2nd metatarsals in extension and inversion and 4 and 5 in eversion. Plantarflexion = opposite. 1 and 2 --> eversion and 4 and 5 --> inversion |
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what is inversion of the fore foot called? |
supination twist |
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when hindfoot supinates the midtarsal jt is locked causing dorsiflexion of the mets and 4 and 5 evert |
Pronation twist |
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Sciatica is more likely to occur in... |
LONGER limb |
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Trochanteric bursitis is more likely to occur in... |
SHORT - limb side. |
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Gait characteristics of short leg side |
decrease stance time decrease step length decrease walking velocity increased walking cadence. |
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Knee flexion max in walking VS sprinting. |
walking: 60 degrees sprinting: 130 degrees |
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walking vs running gait |
walking: NOT in phase - when you hit the ground - potential energy is high and when you're in the air kinetic is high running: IN phase.* there is no transfer of potential to kinetic energy EXCEPT with elastic potential. |
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increased lumbar lordosis leads to |
increased stance leg by allowing more extension through tilting the pelvis. |
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Take off supination is linked with what? |
Achilles tendonitis |
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when examining the longitudinal arch of the foot, what does over coverage or less coverage of the fingers mean? |
Less coverage: excess PLantar flexion More coverage: excess Supination, talar doRsiflexion. |
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Valgum is found in.... |
Supinators. |
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Varum is found in... |
Pronators. |
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A higher subtalar joint inclination angle predisposes an individual to.. |
Knee pain |
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A LOWER subtalar joint inclination angle predisoses an individual to... |
Foot pain |
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jobs requireing strength should be adone ____ inches below the elbow |
6-16 inches below the elbow. |
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Cyclin loading triggers DELAYED muscle hyperexcitability at ________ loads |
moderate to high loads |
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Static loading triggers DELAYED muscle hyperexcitability at ______ loads |
only high loads |
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High loads are a risk for: |
muscle hyper-excitability and acute inflammation in the viscoelastic tissues. |
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Static load VS. Cyclic load ratio |
static to rest ratio = 1:1 cyclic to rest ratio = 1:2 |
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What is the most relax line of sight? |
10-15 degrees ...NOT horizontal. |
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frequency of loading |
faster frequencies (0.5Hz) has greater creep and slower recovery time slower frequencies (0.1Hz) has greater initial displacement. |
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Maximum hip flexion occurs at what time during the gait cycle? |
Mid swing |
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Maximum hip extension occurrs at what time during the gait cycle? |
before the end of stance phase. |
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Femur and tibia ______ during stance and swing phase. |
ADDuction during stance ABDuction during swing |
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What is the function of the 6 determinants of gait? |
to reduce lateral or vertical displacement of the COM during gait. |
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Vaulting |
A stance phase modification for amputees and the prosthetic leg cant flex properly. |
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Hip hiking |
Done with weak hamstrings. |
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Steppage |
To compensate foot drop |
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Talonavicular joint belongs to what 2 joints? |
the TCN and transverse tarsal joint |
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Two main functions of the transverse tarsal joint? |
supination/ pronation to keep the foot on the floor and compensate fpr the forefoot/hindfoot. |
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Which metatarsal jt is the stable one that other MT push off from? |
2nd metatarsal |
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OPEN chain Active dorsiflexion causes... |
extension. Inversion of 1 and 2 MT Eversion of 4 and 5 MT |
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OPEN chain Active Plantarflexion causes... |
flexion. Eversion of 1 and 2 MT Inversion of 4 and 5 MT |
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Supination twist VS Pronation twist |
Supination twist: when the hind foot pronates and the tarsals supinate Pronation twist: when the hind foot supinates and the tarsals lock. |
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*Index minus |
when the 2nd metatarsal is longer than the first |
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*Index plus minus |
when the 1st and 2nd metatarsal are equal in length |
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*Index plus |
when the 1st metatarsal is the longest |
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how much LLI is significant? |
> 60 mm - severe |
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lumbar convexity in scoliosis is likely to be towards the..... |
Short leg. |
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Sciatica is most likely to occr in.. |
the LONGER limb |
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Indirect methods were.....compared to direct methods |
Indirect methods of measure were more precise and accurate compared to direct measure. |
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Pes Cavus |
more pain in the heel, difficulty absorbing shock |
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Pes Planus |
Pressure on the forefoot. |
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What causes injuries? |
Transfer of Pronation into Tibial Rotation |
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Take off supination |
The rolling on the outside of your foot during take off *linked to achilles tendinitis |
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Curling lasts are made for ____ |
supinators. |
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Board last |
stiff cheap induces torsional rigitity runs the entire length of the shoe |
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Slip last |
good for elderly ppl who have atophied fat pad no board most common internal last* |
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Combination last |
board at the back and slip at the front *helps with hell pronation *too expensive not that common |
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What are important features in a court shoe? |
lateral stability torsional flexibility cushioning traction control* most important |
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why does the foot supinate in heel off/toe off? |
because the gastroc and soleus cause supination |
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What is the windlass effect? |
when you dorsiflex the great toe this increases the arch of the foot and stretches the plantar aponeurosis. causes supination (resisting pronation) |
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effect of excessive pronation on structures |
internal rotation of leg and anterior tilt of pelvis. |
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the steeper the subtalar angle of inclination |
then the person will likely have knee pain |
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the milder the subtalar angle of inclination |
then the person will likely have foot pain |
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What is the % of great relief after using orthotics? |
70% |
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Vector cuts in orthotics |
for supinators....it makes the first metatarsal drop so that they can pronate more. |
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what are the clinical effects of orthotics? |
1. helps with sensory feedback/ proprioception 2. decreases muscle vibration and alters muscle activation 3. alters the transfer of rotations up the kinetic chain |
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In ankle sprains what was the outcome of molded VS non-molded FO? |
molded reduced disability and helped with balance the non-molded had no effect. |
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Casted VS non-casted orthotics |
no effect in either... |
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jobs requiring strength should be done _______ |
6-16 inches below the elbow. |
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What was determined in dempsters study? |
mass of parts, centre of gravity, density, moment of inertia. |
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Continuous statis loading |
regardless of how long of a break you take disorders ensued after 30 minutes of work. |
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Creep developed at_____ |
0.5 Hz
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what is the most realxed visual field? |
10-15 degrees BELOW horizontal |
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what angle of recline is good to sit in? |
105 degree angle of recline |
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When is redesign needed? |
If the Lifting Index is >1 |
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gait cylce |
1. initial contact 2. opposite toe off 3. heel rise 4. opposite inital contact 5. toe off 6. feet adjacent 7. tibial vertical 8. initial contact (2nd) |
