Biom2020 - The Bacteria

Front 1

Bacteria which are spherical are placed under the catagory of ___________.

Back 1

Cocci

Front 2

Bacteria which are rod shaped are placed under the catagory of ___________.

Back 2

Baccilli

Front 3

Bacteria which are spiral shaped are placed under the catagory of ___________.

Back 3

Spirochaetes

Front 4

Flagella and fimrae are used for motility in Prokaryotes. True or False?

Back 4

True

Front 5

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have membrane bound nuclei. True or False?

Back 5

False

Front 6

Prokaryotic cell walls are made from _______________.

Back 6

Peptidoglycan

Front 7

Prokaryotic ribosomes (70S) are _______________ than Eukaryotic ribosomes (80S).

Back 7

Smaller

Front 8

Prokaryotic mitochondria (70S) are smaller than Eukaryotic mitochondria (80S). True or False?

Back 8

False. Trick Question.

Front 9

Gram positive bacterial cell walls stain pink whilst Gram negative cell walls stain purple. True or False?

Back 9

False

Front 10

Gram positive bacterial cell walls stain purple whilst Gram negative cell walls stain pink. True or False?

Back 10

True

Front 11

Gram positive cell walls surround the cell membrane, containing Techoic acid, Lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan. True or False?

Back 11

True

Front 12

Gram negative cell walls surround the cell membrane, containing Techoic acid, Lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan. True or False?

Back 12

False

Front 13

Gram positive cell walls consist of peptidoglycan surrounding the cell membrane but being attached to an outer membrane via lipoproteins. True or False?

Back 13

False

Front 14

Gram negative cell walls consist of peptidoglycan surrounding the cell membrane with an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides. True or False?

Back 14

True

Front 15

Gram staining occurs by applying the following substances in the order below:
1. Crystal Violet (Purple dye)
2. Iodine (Mordant)
3. Alcohol Wash (Decolourisation)
4. Safranin (Counter Stain)

True or False?

Back 15

True

Front 16

State the 4 steps that occur to achieve gram staining.

Back 16

1. Crystal Violet (Purple dye)
2. Iodine (Mordant)
3. Alcohol Wash (Decolourisation)
4. Safranin (Counter Stain)

Front 17

Flagella provide bacteria with what?

Back 17

Motility

Front 18

Flagella can aid in the pathogenesis and identification of bacteria. True or False?

Back 18

True

Front 19

Fimbriae are protein fibres with adhesins that extend from the surface of most gram negative bacteria. True or False?

Back 19

True

Front 20

What causes bacteria to stick to cells by binding to
receptors on the cell surface?

Back 20

Adhesins

Front 21

Some Gram positive bacteria have adhesin molecules
attached directly to their Fimbrae. True or False?

Back 21

False

Front 22

Some Gram positive bacteria have adhesin molecules
attached directly to the cell wall. True or False?

Back 22

True

Front 23

Glycocalyx (capsule) can consist of peptidogylcan
and/or haematoxin. True or False?

Back 23

False

Front 24

Glycocalyx (capsule) can consist of glycoprotein
and/or polysaccharide. True or False?

Back 24

True

Front 25

The Glycocalyx (capsule) serves to aid in the adhesion to surfaces of other cells or inanimate objects. True or False?

Back 25

True

Front 26

The Glycocalyx (capsule)can protect against phagocytosis. True or False?

Back 26

True

Front 27

The function of the capsule is to contribute to the Virulence of bacteria by preventing ___________ by WBC’s.

Back 27

Phagocytosis

Front 28

Give 2 examples of bacteria which have capsules which contribute to their virulence by
preventing phagocytosis by WBC’s.

Back 28

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacillus anthracis.

Front 29

Bacteria grow and divide by an asexual process
known as binary fusion. True or False?

Back 29

False

Front 30

Bacteria grow and divide by an asexual process
known as binary fission.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Gram positive and negative bacteria share a component of their cell walls. What is it?

Back 31

Peptidoglycan layer

Front 32

Can a backbone of N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid be found in Gram positive/ negative bacteria cell walls or both?

Back 32

Both

Front 33

A set of identical _________ cross bridges can only be found in the peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria.

Back 33

Peptide

Front 34

Lysozyme targets the peptidoglycan layer and breaks the bonds on the ________ strand.

Back 34

Glycan

Front 35

The cell membrane in Bacteria is the site of biosynthesis of which 3 substances via selective

permeability and transport of solutes into cells?

Back 35

DNA, cell wall polymers, Membrane lipids

Front 36

The cell membrane in bacteria can conduct electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes. True or False?

Back 36

True

Front 37

Pili come in two forms. What are they?

Back 37

Sex Pili, Fimbriae

Front 38

Sex pili are involved in which bacterial process?

Back 38

Bacterial Conjugation

Front 39

Exospores are produced by bacteria and are dormant cells which allow bacteria to endure harsh environments. True or False?

Back 39

False

Front 40

Endospores are produced by bacteria and are dormant cells which allow bacteria to endure harsh environments. True or False?

Back 40

True

Front 41

Endospores contain calcium dipicolinate
DPA, Dipicolinic acid. True or False?

Back 41

True

Front 42

Which two families of bacteria can produce endospores?

Back 42

Bacillus, Clostridium

Front 43

Endospores are only produced Gram Negative bacteria. True or False?

Back 43

False

Front 44

Endospores are only produced Gram Positive bacteria. True or False?

Back 44

True

Front 45

_______ are small DNA molecules.

Back 45

Plasmids

Front 46

Plasmids are essential for bacterial
survival. True or False?

Back 46

False

Front 47

Plasmids are not essential for bacterial
survival. True or False?

Back 47

True

Front 48

There are many ways of classifying bacteria, but examining the molar percentage of G+C in the genome, is not one of them. True or False?

Back 48

False

Front 49

Cell morphology classification involves examining shape (e.g Filamentous, Cocci) and associations (e.g Chains, Diplo-, individual). True or False?

Back 49

True

Front 50

_______________ ____________ is an obligate aerobe which affects tissue tropism.

Back 50

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 51

Anaerobes have a greater propensity to cause __________.

Back 51

Abcesses

Front 52

Bacterial energy metabolism can be split into two main catagories. What are they?

Back 52

Cellular respiration, Fermentation.

Front 53

"involving or relating to the production of pus." What word fits this definition.

Back 53

Pyogenic

Front 54

Pyogenic means? (2 words)

Back 54

Puss Producing

Front 55

Environmental factors affecting the growth of bacteria include:

1. Nutrients
2. Temperature
3. hydrogen ion concentration ( pH )
4. Oxygen Requirements

And what other factor?

Back 55

Osmotic Pressure

Front 56

Nutrient requirements of bacterial growth include:
1. Water
2. Carbon source
3. Nitrogen source
4. Minerals
5. _______ _______s：that a cell must have for
growth but cannot synthesize itself. Such as
amino acids, purines , pyrimidines , and
vitamins.

Back 56

Growth Factor

Front 57

Temperatures at which bacteria thrive in can further catagorise them into:

Thermphilic forms (15-20℃)
Psychrophilic forms （30-37℃)
Mesophilic forms （50-60℃）

True or False? (With respect to temperatures)

Back 57

False

Front 58

Temperatures at which bacteria thrive in can further catagorise them into:

Psychrophilic forms (15-20℃)
Mesophilic forms （30-37℃)
Thermophilic forms （50-60℃）

True or False? (With respect to temperatures)

Back 58

True

Front 59

The pH at which bacteria thrive in can further catagorise them into:

• Neutrophiles （ 5 to 8）
• Acidophiles （below 5.5）
• Alkaliphiles （above 8.5）

True or False?

Back 59

True

Front 60

What group does a bacteria belong to, if it grows in anaerobic conditions but not anaerobic conditions because O2 is toxic?

Back 60

Obligate anaerobe

Front 61

What group does a bacteria belong to, if it grows in aerobic conditions but not anaerobic conditions?

Back 61

Obligate Aerobe

Front 62

What group does a bacteria belong to, if it grows in low level aerobic conditions but not in anaerobic conditions?

Back 62

Microaerophile

Front 63

What group does a bacteria belong to, if it grows in aerobic conditions and in anaerobic conditions, but does not need but utilizes O2 when needed?

Back 63

Facultative Anaerobe/Aerobe

Front 64

What group does a bacteria belong to, if it grows in aerobic conditions and in anaerobic conditions, but does not need or utilize O2?

Back 64

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Front 65

Many common bacteria will divide within ___ to ___ minutes

Back 65

20, 60

Front 66

Most common pathogens in the body will divide within ___ to ___ hours

Back 66

5, 10