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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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examples of linear kinematics |
distance, displacement, speed, velocity |
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statement that predicts exactly what will happen when you manipulate a variable |
hypothesis |
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quantity you are manipulating |
independent variable |
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variables that you predicted would be affected by your IV |
dependent variables |
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repetitions of each IV condition |
trials |
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slug speed of walking |
1.6 m/s |
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decent fitness walking |
1.8 m/s |
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good fitness walking |
2 m/s |
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slow walk (MPH) |
3.8 mph |
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good sprint speed |
>10 m/s |
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10 min mile |
6 mph |
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5 min mile |
12 mph |
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pleasant jog |
3 m/s |
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decent pace for 10k rec runners |
4 m/s |
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good pace for rec 10k runners competitive race walkers |
4.6 m/s |
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instantaneous olympic sprint velocity |
14-16 m/s |
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brisk fitness walking pace (MPH) |
4.2 mph |
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angle made between direction of walking progression and foot; clinical measure used to assess gait dysfunctions related to internal/external rotation anatomical or functional problems |
foot landing angle |
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____ has been associated w/ overpronation |
toe out |
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critical events of gait |
foot strike take-off or toe-off |
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moment in time when foot initially contacts ground |
foot strike |
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moment in time just prior to support foot (or toes) leave ground |
take-off or toe-off |
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phases of gait |
support swing |
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period of of time when foot is on ground |
support |
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period of time when given leg is not on ground |
swing |
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neither foot on ground; phase occurs only in running |
nonsupport phase |
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in gait, period of time when body is supported by only 1 foot |
single support |
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in gait, period of time when both feet are on ground |
double support |
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period of time from foot strike of one foot to foot strike of other foot |
step |
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period of time for foot/heel strike of foot to foot/heel strike of same foot |
stride |
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2 steps = |
1 stride |
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locomotion variables |
step length step width step frequency/rate stride length stride frequency |
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displacement of 1 step (anteroposterior direction). for gait, usually measured by displacement of heel at foot strike to heel of other foot at foot strike |
step length |
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displacement between feet in medio-lateral directionk measured from most medial point of each foot |
step width |
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number of steps taken/second |
step frequency/rate |
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displacement of 1 stride |
stride length |
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number of strides/second or strides/min |
stride freqency |
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2 systems to use to measure angles |
anatomical system (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons)
biomechanical standard system (International society of biomechanics) |
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angle formed by 2 segments, w/ vertex of angle at joint between 2 segments |
relative/joint angle |
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inclination of segment relative to absolute line |
absolute/inclination/segment angle |
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most common 2 tools to measure joint angles |
goniometer and inclinometer |
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specialized protractor to measure joint angles |
goniometer |
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measures inclination of segment relative to reference line (eg horizontal line) |
inclinometer |
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moving counterclockwise produces ____ angle while clockwise produces ___ angle |
positive, negative |
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joint (relative) angles are always ____ angle |
internal angle |
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vertex of absolute angles located at ____ end of segment |
distal |
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how fast angle between 2 segments is changing |
joint velocities |
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how fast limb segment is rotating |
segmental velocities |
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lab 4 measured ____ measures of gait |
quantitative |
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what is the midline for measuring step width? |
2nd metatarsal |
