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20 Cards in this Set

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Central metabolic pathways function

metabolize carbohydrates and carboxylic acids. provide precursor metabolites for all other pathways.

EMP stage 1 rxn overview

glucose + 2 ATP -> 2 PGALD + 2 ADP

EMP stage 2 rxn overview

2 PGALD + 2 Pi + 4 ADP + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+

EMP total rxn overview

glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+

fate of pyruvate in fermenting cells

converted to fermentation end products such as alcohols, organic acids and solvents

allosterically regulated points of EMP

fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.

allosteric regulation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate rxn

ADP can allosterically activates the phosphofructokinase enzyme, stimulating glycolysis. phosphoenolpyruvate can also feedback inhibit phosphofructokinase (end-product inhibition). AMP can inhibit gluconeogenesis by allosterically inhibiting fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase action.

allosteric regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate rxn

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate positively regulates pyruvate kinase

enzymes involved/required for gluconeogenesis

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase

general processes that re-oxidize NADH

respiration, fermentation, dehydrogenase action

fate of pyruvate in respiring cells

oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to CO2 in TCA (if it is aerobic respiration)

pyruvate dehydrogenase action

(in aerobic respiration) oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. also produces CO2 and NADH

pyruvate dehydrogenase feedback inhibition

by acetyl-CoA and NADH

pyruvate dehydrogenase stimulation

phosphoenolpyruvate and AMP

pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase action

(in anaerobic respiration) oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA using ferredoxin as an e- acceptor. Phosphotransacetylasecatalyzes thedisplacement of CoAby inorganic phosphate. also produces CO2 and H2

pyruvate-formate lyase action

(in anaerobic respiration) an oxidative decarboxylationof pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and the e- stay with the carboxy group (formate isproduced). Phosphotransacetylase catalyzes the displacement of CoA by inorganic phosphate

similarities between EMP and ED

1. C6 primed with phosphoryl group. 2. C6 cleaved by aldolase. 3. 2 C3 compounds generated4. 6C sugar converted to 2 pyruvate

differences between EMP and ED

1. Substrate for aldolase is 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-P-gluconate 2. ED products are 1 ATP + 1 NADPH 1 NADH + 2H+

EMP intermediates that are precursors, and what they're synthesized into

G6P (polysaccharides, aromatic a.a.), DHAP (phospholipids), 3-PGA (serine, glycine, cysteine), PEP (muramic acid)

enzyme and intermediate unique to ED

dehydratase enzyme. turns 6-phosphogluconate into 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG). KDPG is unique intermediate