Biology;vs 2007- P.h.hischool; 1-1, 1-2 (Mn)

Front 1

What does Science Study
Q 1-1-1

Back 1

The Natural World

Front 2

What is the goal of science
Key 1-1

Back 2

-Investigate & understand the natural world
-Explain events in the natural world
-Use these explanations to make predictions

Front 3

Science

Back 3

organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

Front 4

Observation

Back 4

process of gathering information about events or processes. usually involves the senses - mostly hearing and sight

Front 5

data

Back 5

information gathered from observations

Front 6

What does Science Study
Q 1-1-1

Back 6

The Natural World

Front 7

What is the goal of science
Key 1-1

Back 7

-Investigate & understand the natural world
-Explain events in the natural world
-Use these explanations to make predictions

Front 8

Science
(vocab)

Back 8

organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.

-a way of knowing.
-involves an ONGOING process

Front 9

Observation
(vocab)

Back 9

process of gathering information about events or processes. usually involves the senses - mostly hearing and sight

Front 10

data
(vocab)

Back 10

information gathered from observations

Front 11

inference
(vocab)

Back 11

logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.

Front 12

hypothesis
(vocab)

Back 12

-proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.
-uses prior knowledge, logical inference, creative imagination.
-must be testable.

Front 13

What does it mean to describe a scientist as skeptical. Why is that important
(1-1-2)

Back 13

-to question existing ideas and new hypothesis.
-Be open minded if new data doesn't fit the hypothesis.

Front 14

How do scientists develop hypothesis
(checkpoint)

Back 14

-observation & data collection
-propose 1 or more hypothesis.
-test the hypothesis (review, critique the data, adjust the hypothesis)

Front 15

Main difference between qualitative and quantitative observations
(1-1-3)

Back 15

-quantative: involves observations that are tangible (can be counted, are exact and measureable.
-qualitative: observations that are not exact (appears "old", "seems tall for it's age", "seems healthy")

Front 16

What is a scientific hypothesis
1-1-4a

Back 16

a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations - using prior nowledge, logical inference, and informed , creative imagination.

Front 17

In what two ways can a hypothesis be tested
1-1-4b

Back 17

- controlled experiments to measure the result
- collection of more data to see if the data still fits the hypothesis

Front 18

Is a scientific hypothesis accepted if there is no way to demonstrate that the hypothesis is wrong.
1-1-5

Back 18

-No. A hypothesis must be testable.

Front 19

what does a hypothesis become if it becomes commonly accepted because of evidence from many investigations.

1-2

Back 19

A theory.

Front 20

What is meant by Scientific Method?

Back 20

Method to: investigate phenomena, aquire new knowledge, or correcting previous knowledge.

Front 21

What are the key steps in Scientific Methodology?

1-1

Back 21

1. State the PROBLEM
2. (Gather information)
3. Form HYPOTHESIS
4. TEST & collect data
5. (Analyze data)
6. (Modify hypotheses)
7. (Publish results)

Front 22

Why do scientists use controlled experiment
1-1

Back 22

To prove or disprove a hypothesis.

Front 23

Why do scientists look for reproduce able results from an experiment
1-1

Back 23

Because nature behaves in a consistent manner.

Front 24

5 main senses
1-1

Back 24

-vision
-hearing
-smell
-taste
-touch

Front 25

Spontaneous generation
1-2

Back 25

The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter.

Front 26

The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter.
1-2

Back 26

Spontaneous generation

Front 27

-What are variables in an experiment.

-What types of variables are there
1-2

Back 27

The items that can change in an experiment.

-manipulated: deliberatly changed
-responding: changes in response to the manipulated variable. (is a function of).

Front 28

How many variables should an experiment test at a time

key 1-2

Back 28

one

Front 29

What is a controlled experiment.

1-2

Back 29

An experiment in which only one variable is changed - the rest are left alone

Front 30

An experiment in which only one variable is changed

Back 30

Controlled.

Front 31

What was Francesco Redi's hypothesis regarding appearance of maggots.

1-2

Back 31

That flies laid eggs to small for humans to see. (i.e. flies produce maggots)

Front 32

manipulated variable

(vocab) 1-2

Back 32

variable that is deliberately changed

Front 33

responding variable

(vocab 1-2)

Back 33

variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable

Front 34

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover

Back 34

-improvement of the microscope
-observe and describe single celled organisms

Front 35

What was the responding variable in Redi's experiment?
checkpoint 1-2

Back 35

appearance of maggots

Front 36

What was the manipulated variable in Redi's experiment
1-2

Back 36

gauze covering or open

Front 37

What other variable remained constant in Redi's experiment
1-2

Back 37

The amount of time meat left out

Front 38

What did John Needham conclude from his test of Redi's findings
1-2

Back 38

He said conclusion is true. He boiled gravy to kill organism, left it out, and found many micro-organisms -- thus life can spontaneously generated.

Front 39

What did Spallanzani do to improve upon Redi's and Needham's work
checkpoint 1-2

Back 39

He repeated Needham's test but also added the same variable as Redi. He sealed the flask after boiling and found no organisms--thus validating Redi's .

Front 40

What variable was controlled in Spallanzani's experiment.
1-2

Back 40

sealing or not sealing the flask.

Front 41

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call the small organisms he found

Back 41

'animalcules" or " tiny amimals".

Front 42

What improvement did Pasteur make to Redi's experiment.
checkpoint 1-2

Back 42

he changed another variable & added another step - time.
boiled the broth, sealed the flask, LET IT SIT FOR A YEAR, (no animals); OPENED THE FLASK (new organisms.)

Front 43

How did Pasteur settle the spontaneous generation argument?
1-2

Back 43

He added another step and another variable (time). Showed that once the organisms killed they did not grow again UNLESS the "outside" world was let into the flask. thus showing all living things come from other living things.

Front 44

Why are controlled experiments sometimes impossible?
checkpoint 1-2

Back 44

- the experiment itself changes the results (i.e. observing wild animals)
- ethical concerns (testing chemicals on people.
- technology not available.

Front 45

theory
key 1-2

Back 45

a well-tested explanation (hypothesis) that unifies a broad range of observations.--allows scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations

Front 46

Why is Redi's experiment on spontaneous generation considered a controlled experiment?
1-2-1 key concept

Back 46

He changed one variable at at a time.

Front 47

How does a scientific theory compare with a scientific hypothesis?
1-2-2 key concept

Back 47

A theory is a hypothesis that has been generally accepted because of all the evidence.

hypothesis may be a new idea but needs more data before becoming widely accepted.

Front 48

-What was wrong with the spontaneous generation hypothesis
- why did it seem logical
- what was left out.
1-2

Back 48

- wasn't supported by all the facts.
- people didn't realize that life they couldn't see existed--therefore didn't know they forgot a variable.
--that other life so small you couldn't see could influence the result.

Front 49

Is a theory considered the absolute truth?
1-2

Back 49

No -- it is simply hypothesis that appears well backed up by evidence. (note 1 false observation disproves any theory--no matter how many true observations).

Front 50

Why are the marsupial mammals found only in Australia and some nearby islsands

Back 50

When they were evolving, Australia, antartica, and South America were single. It broke apart and Austrialia became separate. The marsupials became separted from other animals. - plate tectonics.