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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Point Mutations
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happens at one part of DNA
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Examples of Point Mutations
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-Deletions
-Subtractions -Additions |
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Chromosomal Mutations
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random changes in genes
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Ex. of Chromosomal Mutations
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-Duplications
-deletions -reciprocal translocations -inversions |
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Mutations
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the ultimate source of genetic variation
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Evolution
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change in allele frequencies over time
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Biotic factors
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predation, parasitism, females
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Abiotic factors
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fire, lava flow, earthquakes
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Natural Selection
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-acts on phenotype
-operates at population level, not indiv. level -not a source of genetic variation -occurs through biotic and abiotic factors |
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Stabilizing
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ex:Human birthweight
(goes to middle) |
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Directional
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ex: antibiotic resistance
(goes to one extreme/side) |
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Disruptive
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ex: blood types
(goes to two sides/extremes) |
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Microevolution
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change in allele frequencies in populations
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Types of microevolutions
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-mutation
-gene flow -genetic drift -nonrandom mating -natural selection |
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Gene flow
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Movement of alleles between and within a population
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Natural Selection ""
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survival of the fittest
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Macroevolution
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change in groups of species over long periods of time
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Types of Macroevolution
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-Homology
-Embryology -convergent evolution -fossil record -coevolution -parallel evolution |
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Genetic Drift
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-Chance events(effects small population)
-Inbreeding (decreases genetic variation) |
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HOmology
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similar features because of common ancestry
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Embryology
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pharyngeal pouches (gills) on emryos
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Convergent Evolution
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similar adaptations due to similar selection pressures in different geographic areas (ex: cacti and euphorbs)
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Fossil record
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Ex: horse
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coevolution
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interdependence of organisms
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