Biology With Physiology (Ch. 4)

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

All of the chemical reactions occurring in the body

Front 2

Enzymes

Back 2

Proteins that regulate metabolic reactions

Front 3

Catalyze

Back 3

Speeds up the rate of biological reactions

Front 4

Activation Energy

Back 4

The energy required to start the metabolic reaction and serves as a barrier to catalysis

Front 5

Substrate

Back 5

The chemicals that are metabolized by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Front 6

Active Site

Back 6

The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds

Front 7

Specificity

Back 7

The result of an enzymes shape and the shape of its active site

Front 8

calorie (scientific)

Back 8

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celcius

Front 9

Calorie (physiology)

Back 9

Consumed to supply the body with energy to do work, which includes maintaining body temperature

Front 10

Metabolic Rate

Back 10

A measure of a person's energy use

Front 11

Basal Metabolic Rate

Back 11

The resting energy use of an awake, resting, but alert person (70 calories per hour)

Front 12

Cellular Respiration

Back 12

A series of metabolic reactions that convert the energy stored in chemical bonds of food into energy that cells cab use while releasing waste products

Front 13

ATP

Back 13

Can supply energy to the cells because it stores energy obtained from the movement of electrons that originated in food into its own bonds

Front 14

Phosphorylation

Back 14

Transfer of phosphate to another molecule

Front 15

Aerobic Respiration

Back 15

Cellular respiration that uses oxygen as the electron acceptor

Front 16

Induced Fit

Back 16

A change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds tightly to a substrate

Front 17

Intermembrane Space

Back 17

The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane

Front 18

Metabolism

Back 18

All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism's cells

Front 19

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 19

A process of energy generation that uses molecules rather than oxygen as electron acceptors. (Muscles produce ATP this way)

Front 20

Fermentation

Back 20

Regenerates NAD+

Front 21

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Back 21

A calculation that uses both height and weight to determine a value that correlates an estimate of body fat with the risk of illness and death

Front 22

Obesity

Back 22

Having a BMI of 30 or greater

Front 23

Diabetes

Back 23

A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by the impaired ability of the body to produce or respond to insulin

Front 24

Insulin

Back 24

A hormone secreted by beta cells, which are located within clusters of cells in the pancreas

Front 25

Hypertension

Back 25

High blood pressure places increased stress on the circulatory system and causes the heart to work too hard

Front 26

Systolic Blood Pressure

Back 26

The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels as the heart contracts (Higher hypertension number)

Front 27

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Back 27

The pressure that exists between contractions of the heart when the heart is relaxing (Lower Hypertension number)

Front 28

Heart Attack

Back 28

Occurs when there is a sudden interruption in the supply of blood to the heart caused by the blockage of a vessel supplying the heart

Front 29

Stroke

Back 29

A sudden loss of brain function that results when blood vessels supplying the brain are blocked or ruptured

Front 30

High- Density Lipoprotein

Back 30

Cholesterol carrying particle in the blood that is high in protein and low in cholesterol

Front 31

Low- Density Lipoprotein

Back 31

Cholesterol- carrying substance in the blood that is high in cholesterol and low in protein

Front 32

Anorexia

Back 32

Self-starvation

Front 33

Bulimia

Back 33

Binge eating followed by purging

Front 34

Osteoporosis

Back 34

A condition resulting in elevated risk of bone breakage from weakened bones