Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Probability
|
*the liklihood that a particular event will occur.
|
|
|
How is probability used in genetic crosses?
|
*Probability can be used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses.
|
|
|
What is a punnett square?
|
*show gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross in a punnett square diagram. Used to figure genetic probability crosses
|
|
|
what is homozygous?
|
Organisms that have two alleles for a particular trait that are the same.
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait.
|
|
|
phenotype
|
*physical characteristics.
|
|
|
Genotype
|
*genetic makeup.
|
|
|
How is probabilities used to predict averages?
|
*predict the average outcome of a large number of events.
*probability can not predict the precise outcome of an individual event. |
|
|
Principle of independent assortment
|
*genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
*helps account for many genetic variations observed in plants, animals and other organisms. |
|
|
Mendels Principles state?
|
*the inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by individual units known as genes.
*2 or more forms of the gene for a single triat exist, some forms of the gene may be dominant and others may be recessive. *in most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene, one from each parent. |
|
|
Incomplete dominance
|
*one allele is not completely dominant over another allele.
**remember the example of the pink colored flowers. A red RR, crossed with a white WW produced pink. |
|
|
codominance
|
*both alleles contribute to the phenotype.
|
|
|
multiple alleles
|
*many genes have more than two alleles.
example: color coat of rabbits. |
|
|
polygenic traits
|
*having many genes
*traits controlled by two or more genes |
|
|
Who was Thomas Hunt Morgan?
|
*American geneticist
*wanted to look for a model organism to advance the study of genetics. *used fruit flies *Learned that Mendel's principles applied to other organisms than just pea plants. |
|
|
Review punnett square examples.
|
*
|
|
|
Genetics
|
*the scientific study of heredity
|
|
|
fertilization
|
*during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join.
|
|
|
true-breeding
|
*Produce offspring identical to themselves.
|
|
|
hybrids
|
crosses between parents with different traits.
|
|
|
Genes
|
chemical factors that determine traits.
|
|
|
Segregation
|
*alleles segreate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.
|
|
|
The principle of independent assortment state
|
*the genes for different traits can segregate independtly during the formation of gametes.
|
|
|
hybrids
|
crosses between parents with different traits.
|
