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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adenine
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One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA
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Adenine Diphosphate
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Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP
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Amino Acid
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Monomer of a protein; takes its name from the fact that it contains an amino group (-NH2) and an acid group (-COOH)
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Cytosine
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One of four nitrogen-containing bases in the nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine
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Denaturation
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Loss of normal shape by an enzyme so that it no longer functions; caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Nucleic acid found in cells; the genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells
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Double Helix
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Double spiral; describes the three-dimensional shape of DNA
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Enzyme
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Organic Catalyst usually a protein, that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape
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Guanine
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One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
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Nucleotide
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Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
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Peptide Bond
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Covalent Bond that joins two amino acids
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Phospholipid
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Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails
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Polypeptide
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Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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Protein
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Organic macromolecule composed of one or several polypeptides
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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Nucleic Acid produced by covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA
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Steriod
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Type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings; examples are cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone
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Thymine
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bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA; pairs with Adenine
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Uracil
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One of the four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of RNA; pairs with Adenine
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid
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Fatty acid molecule that has one or more double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain
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pH Scale
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Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration; ranges from 0 (acid) to 14 (basic), with 7 neutral
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Polymer
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Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers; for example, a polypeptide is a polymer of monomers called amino acids
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