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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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the study of heredity
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Heredity
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the passing of genes and characteristics from parents to offspring.
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Gregor Medel
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Austrian monk, studied peas and established the basic patterns of inheritance
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Traits
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Characteristics that are the products of genes
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Pure or True Breeding
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Two of the same genes for a trait. BB, bb, etc. A result of breeding with like partners
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Hybrid
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a mix of genes. ex Bb Gg, etc.
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P1 Generation
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Parental generation
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F1 generation (First Filial)
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the results of a parental cross
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F2 Generation
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the result of an F1 cross
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When you move the microscope slide down, the image of the specimen under the microscope moves _______.
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up
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The ability to see detail under the microscope is called the ______
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resolution
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This type of microscope produces 3D images.
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SEM
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This lens is the one closest to your eye.
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eye piece
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The area that you see under the microscope is called the _______
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field of view
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This is the objective that you use to begin to focus the microscope
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low-power objective
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This supports the slide
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the stage
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Term for how many times a microscope enlarges an image
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magnification
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This microscope takes images of the inside of the cells under very high magnification.
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TEM
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As you moves from low to high power your field of view ______
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decreases
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This part of the microscope switches the objectives
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revolving nose piece
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You calculate the magnification of the microscope by.......
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multiplying the objective by the eye piece
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The letter E that you saw in the microscope was ___ and ____-.
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Upside down and backwards
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In the nucleus of atoms, the _____ have no charge.
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neutrons
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Atoms that lose an electron have a _____ charge.
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positive
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Three different types of bonds were discussed in this chapter: _____, _____, and weak hydrogen bonds.
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ionic and covalent
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Atoms covalently bonded together form ______.
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molecules
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Sometimes a substance when added to water releases H+ ions into the water and is called an _____.
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acid
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The acid in your car battery is ______.
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sulfuric acid
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Kinetic theory describes the movement of molecules in a solid as _________.
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fixed and vibrating
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The movement of molecules in a gas as ____ and _____.
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fast and colliding
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The atomic number of an element tells you the number of ____ in the nucleus.
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protons
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The electrons are found in ______ around the nucleus.
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orbital rings/clouds
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Any changed atom is called an _____.
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ion
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Covalent bonding involves the _____ of electrons while ionic bonding involves the _____ of electrons.
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sharing=covalent
transferring=ionic |
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The weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules give it some unique qualities like a boiling point of _____ degrees Celsius, and a freezing point of ______ degrees Celsius.
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boiling point = 100 degrees Celsius
freezing point = 0 degrees Celsius |
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The acid in your stomach is _______.
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Hydrochloric acid
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The movement of molecules in a liquid is described as ______ and _____.
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rolling and sliding
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In a solution, the substance the dissolves is called the _____.
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solute
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List the 6 types of nutrients you need to stay alive.
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-proteins -vitamins
-carbs -water -fats -minerals |
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Name at least 3 functions of fats.
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-gives you energy
-cushions your organs -insulates your body -stores vitamins |
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List the sugars that end in OSE.
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glucose
maltose lactose |
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Proteins are made of building blocks called ______ _______ (two words).
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amino acids
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Which nutrient contains the most calories per gram?
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Fats
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List 4 fat soluble vitamins.
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Vitamin A
Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K |
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Difference between water solubles and fat solubles.
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water solubles=vitamins you have to take in everyday
fat solubles=they are stored in your body |
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These vessels carry blood away from the heart.
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Arteries
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This is where oxygen enters the blood.
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lungs (aveoli)
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This is the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach.
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esophagus
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This takes the alcohol out of the blood.
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the liver
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These filter cell wastes from the blood.
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the kidneys
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Stores, mixes, and partially digests food.
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the stomach
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Part of the brain that controls your involuntary actions.
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medula
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Another name for your windpipe.
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trachea
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These vessels carry blood to the heart.
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your veins
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These produce the female sex hormones.
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ovaries
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This pumps the blood.
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Heart.
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Right side of the heart pumps blood to:
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the lungs
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Left side of the heart pumps blood to:
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the rest of your body
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This gland helps regulate your metabolism.
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the thyroid gland
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These produce the male sex hormone.
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the testes
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This is the site for photosynthesis in plant cells.
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chloroplasts
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Site for aerobic respiration.
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mitochondria
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This is composed of phospholipids with embedded proteins.
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the cell membrane
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This would contain digestive enzymes.
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lysozomes.
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This is considered a protein factory.
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ribosomes
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This is made of cellulose, pectin, and lignin.
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the cell wall
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These are found only in animal cells.
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centrioles
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This is the name of the folded membrane in the mitochondria
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christae (chris-taaaay)
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These take light energy and convert it to glucose.
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chloroplasts
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It's common name is "suicide sac".
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lysozome
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These are composed of tightly coiled DNA
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chromosomes (or chromatin)
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Considered the control center of the cell.
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nucleus.
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These alter, and package secretions.
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golgi bodies
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This is semi-permeable
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the cell membrane
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Structures in the nucleus that are composed of DNA are called ______.
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chromosomes
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A section of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait is called a _______.
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gene
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How many chromosomes do you have in each of your body cells?
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46
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A gamete is another name for a ____ ______ (two words).
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a sex cell
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A fertilized egg is called a _______.
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zygote
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The normal sex chromosome combination for a human female is an ___ and an _____.
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X X
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In Amniocentesis, some amniotic fluid is removed and the cells of the developing embryo can be grown and tested to see if they have the correct mix of chromosomes, this arranging of the chromosomes is called ________.
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karyotype
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When fertilization occurs in humans, the resulting cell should have _____ (a #) chromosomes.
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46 chromosomes
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Having 3 of one type of chromosome is called a ______.
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trisome
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An example of having 3 of one type of chromosome is ______ ____.
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trisome 21 - down syndrome
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I would use this technique to estimate the population of wildflowers in a field. (cookie lab)
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scientific sampling
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The technique used to spin samples and separate the cell parts.
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centrifuge
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This technique is used to identify suspects at a crime scene using the DNA.
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gel electrophoresis
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This is a way to copy DNA samples
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PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
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This is a way of growing cells in a lab.
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cell cultering
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This technique results in transgenic organisms.
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genetic engineering
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This microscope produces 3D images
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SEM-scanning electron microscope
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This microscope can take pictures of the insides of calls and viruses.
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TEM-transmitting electron microscope
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We used this technique to separate pigments on a leaf.
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chromotography
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I would use this to take the nucleus out of a cell.
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micropipette
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The formula for magnification of a light microscope is:
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eye piece (x) objective lense
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If we remove the chromosomes of an adult cell and put them in an egg cell to develop be making a _____.
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clone
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The cloning of cells to produce a new individual is called _______ ______ (two words).
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reproductive cloning
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The cloning of cells to produce new cells, tissues or organs (usually for cancer patients) for a person is called:
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therapeutic cloning
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Cells that have not yet developed and have the potential to turn into other types of cells are called ____ _____ (two words).
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stem cells
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The reason that scientists are so interested in stem cell research is because it has the potential to ____ _____.
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cure diseases
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