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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gamete
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haploid cell that participates in fetilization by fusing with another haploid cell
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binary fission
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form of asexual reproduction that produces indentical offspring
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gene
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section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
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chromosome
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structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
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chromatid
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one of a pair of strands of DNA that makeup a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
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centromere
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region joining two chromatids
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homologus chromosome
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a member of a chromosome pair, both of which are similar in shape size and the genes they tie into
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diploid
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term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosome
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haploid
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having only one set of chromosomes
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zygote
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fetilized egg
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autosome
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a chromosome that is not dirctly involved in determining sex
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sex chromosome
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one of a pair of chromosome that are involved in determining the sex of an individual
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karyotype
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array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells arranged in order of size and shape
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cell cycle
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repeating five phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division
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interphase
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period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell during which the cells carry out routine function, copies its DNA and prepares it to divide
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mitosis
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process during cell division in which the mucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei and kind of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
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division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate cells
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cancer
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the abnormal growth of cells
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spindle
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structure composed of centrioles and individual hollow protien fibers that moves chromosomes apart during cell division
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meiosis
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process during cell division in which the nucleas of a cell completes two successive divisions that produce four cells, each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half
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crossing-over
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the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by homologus chromosomes at the beginning of neiosis; source of genetic recombination
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independent assortment
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random distribution of homologus chromosomes during meiosis
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spermatogenesis
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process by which gametes are produced in male animals
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sperm
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male gamete
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ogenesis
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process by which gametes are produced in female animals
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ovum
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a mature egg cell
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asexual reproduction
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reproduction that involves only one parent and results in genectically indentical offspring
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clone
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organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genectically identical to its parent
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sexual reproduction
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reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes or mating types untie to form a zygote
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life cycle
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entire life-span of an organism; summary of all of the stages of an organism
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fertilization
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the process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote
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sporophyte
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diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations
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spore
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an asexual, resting, reproductie haploid cells
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gametophyte
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haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations; haploid individual that produces gametes
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