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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adenine
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a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotides that make up DNA or RNA; pairs with thymine and uracil
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adenosine triphosphate
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ATP; the molecule that delivers usable chemical energy for almost all processes and reactions that a cell must undergo to survive
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anticodon
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a sequence of three bases in a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon in mRNA
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codon
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a sequence of three bases that codes for a single amino acid
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deoxyribose
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a monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA
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DNA
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acid; this is the molecule, unique to each individual, carrying the genetic information to be found in every cell; all the information an organism needs to live and reproduce is contained in its DNA
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enzyme
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a protein that is a catalyst for chemical reactions in organisms; it increases the rate of the reaction without being used up or changed
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gene
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a segment of DNA that directs the development of some inherited traits
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genetic code
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the relationship in which each codon determines each amino acid used for making a protein
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guanine
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a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA or RNA; pairs with cytosine
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mRNA
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messenger RNA; a linear RNA molecule that contains codons
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nucleotide
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a subunit of a nucleic acid that consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
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polypeptide
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a chain of hundreds or thousands of amino acids
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proteins
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one of the four major classes of large organic molecules, made of amino acids
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replication
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the process in which DNA duplicates, or makes a copy of, itself
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ribose
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a monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA
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ribosomes
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small organelles, made of RNA and protein; sites of protein synthesis
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RNA
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acid; nucleic acid that uses the instructions stored in DNA to build proteins
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rRNA
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ribosomal RNA; a type of RNA molecule that makes up the main part of the structure of a ribosome
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thymine
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a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA; pairs with adenine
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transcription
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the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a DNA molecule for a template
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translation
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the process in which proteins are produced based on instructions carried by mRNA
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tRNA
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transfer RNA; a type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis at ribosomes
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uracil
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a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up RNA; pairs with adenine
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