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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is evolution? |
The cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population. |
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What causes evolution? |
:Random mutation :Sexual reproduction |
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What does it mean if a species is 'selected for'? |
More likely to survive. |
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How can evolution occur due to overpopulation? |
Population excedes the holding capacity and the organisms with advantageous genes are more likely to survive due to competition. |
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What might some advantageous characteristics be? |
:competition for food- finding, reaching. :predation- catching, fighting :Parasitism- invading, avoiding, tolerating |
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Which anti-biotic is now no longer effective due to evolutionary resistance? |
Methycillin |
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How are species named? |
Their Genus and then their species e.g., homo+ sapiens. |
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What are the three domains that all organism are classified into? |
Archaea, bacteria, and Eukaryota |
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Give examples of organisms in the three domains. |
Archaea: Halo-bacterium Bacteria : staphylococcus aureus Eukaryota: algae and humans |
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What is taxonomy? |
The practice of classification |
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What are the seven levels of classification? |
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Or- Does Ke$ha play classical or folk guitar. |
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What are the seven levels of classification for humans? |
Eukaryota Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Sapiens |
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What is a clade? |
A group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor |
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What is a true clade? |
A group of organisms that recognises all organisms from the point of divergence |
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What are cladograms? |
a graph that shows the most probably sequence of divergence in clades |
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Where does evidence for clades come from? |
Gene and amino acid sequences and DNA differences |
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What is convergent evolution? |
When organisms have similar structures due to a shared selection pressure from the environment. |
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What is divergent evolution? |
When organisms have similar structures because they share a common ancestor. |
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What is a homologous structure? |
when organisms have a similar structure with a different function/ |
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What is an analogous structure? |
When organisms have a different structure but share the same function. |
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What is a vestigial structure? |
structures of organisms in a species which are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution e.g., tail bones in humans. |
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Outline the method of analysing DNA to produce evidence for a cladogram? |
:DNA is isolated :Bases and their order are determined :Compare DNA to others :The more DNA differences, the further the divergence. |
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What major anatomical features define humans as primates? |
:forward facing eyes :Flat fingernails :Large brain to body ratio |
