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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major contents of air? What are their percentages?
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Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21% Carbon Dioxide and other .04% |
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What is a pressure gradient? Partial pressure?
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Pressure gradient is amount of pressure change occurring over a given distance.
Partial pressure is the pressure a single gas exerts. |
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What conditions must be in place in order of rgas exchange to occurr in the lungs?
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Moist membrane
Pressure gradient |
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What is the pathway air follows to and from the lungs? Be specific about structures!
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Nose, Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchi, alveoli and back
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What are the coonductive and respiratory zones? What are the structures of each zone?
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Both are parts of the respiratory tract.
Conductive: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea Respiratory: alveoli, bronchioles |
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What is the structure that covers the trachea or larynx during swallowing?
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Epiglottis
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What is the enzyme that converts CO2 into bicarbonate?
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Carbonic anhydrase
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What are the muscles that are involved in the movement of air?
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Diaphragm
Intercostals |
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How many O2 molecules can a heme group hold? How many heme groups are in a molecule of hemoglobin and how many molecules of O2 an the hemoglobin molecule carry?
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1 O2 molecule per heme group
4 heme groups per hemoglobin 4 O2 molecules per hemobglobin |
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What is the function of the pleural membrane?
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Covers the external surface of the lungs to pervent friction.
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What type of tissue of bone?
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Connective
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Is bone living or dead?
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Living
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What are the functions of bone?
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Support
Movement Protection Production of blood Mineral storage |
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What do osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts do for bone?
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-cyte: mature bone cell
-blast: bone forming -clast: break down |
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What are the two compositions of bone?
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Spongy
Compact |
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What are the parts of the bone?
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Epiphysis
Diaphysis Growth plate Osteon Periosteum |
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What are the two types of marrow and their functions?
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Red: Produces all blood cells
Yellow: Fat |
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What is a Haversian canal's function?
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Allows blood vessels and nerves to run through bone.
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Where is the growth plate located?
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Where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet.
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What is the model for bone construction during development?
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Chondroblasts
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What are the 4 shapes used to calssify bones? Give an example of each.
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Long: femur
Short: wrists Irregular: hips Flat: ribs |
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What are the 2 divisions of the articulated skeleton?
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Axial
Appendicular |
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What are suture joints?
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Immovable joints found in the head
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What are suture joints? What are the common characteristics?
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Joints with the most mobility (consist of hinge and ball and socket joints) in which the bones are seperated by a thin fluid-filled cavity.
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What are the three types of muscle?
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Smooth
Cardiac Skeletal |
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What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells that surround the myofibrils and store the calcium needed for the initiation of muscle contraction.
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What are transverse tubules?
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Tube like portions of the sarcolemma.
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What is the functional unit of a muscle called?
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Sarcomere
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What are the two molecules important for muscle contraction?
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Acetycholine
Calcium |
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Which muscles are striated and voluntary, straited and involuntary, non-straited and involuntary? Which type of muscle contains intercalated disks?
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Striated and voluntary: Skeletal
Striated and involuntary: Cardiac Non-striated and involuntary: Smooth Intercalated disks: Cardiac |
