Biology Unit 3

Front 1

Abscisic Acid

Back 1

plant hormone that inhibits cell division and, therefore, growth

Front 2

Adhesion

Back 2

the attraction a molecule of one substance has for a molecule of a different substance

Front 3

Alternation of Generations

Back 3

a life cycle that alternates between a sexual and asexual reproduction

Front 4

Angiosperm

Back 4

a flowering plant

Front 5

Anther

Back 5

the part of the stamen where pollen is made

Front 6

Antheridium

Back 6

structure in some plants that produces male sex cells

Front 7

Antibiotic

Back 7

drugs used to treat illnesses caused by bacteria

Front 8

Apical Dominance

Back 8

phenomenon in which the closer a bud is to the stem's tip, the more its growth is inhibited.

Front 9

Auxin

Back 9

regulatory sustance produced in the tip of a growing plant that stimulates cell elongation and the growth of new roots.

Front 10

Bacteriophage

Back 10

a virus that infects bacteria

Front 11

Basidium

Back 11

spore-producing structure on furiting body of some fungi

Front 12

Blade

Back 12

flat part of a leaf that absorbs light

Front 13

Archegonium

Back 13

structure in some plants that produces female sex cells

Front 14

Bryophyte

Back 14

a group of nonvascular plants that includes mosses and liverworts

Front 15

Bud

Back 15

area of a stem that can produce new leaves and stems

Front 16

Capillary Action

Back 16

the tendency of water to rise in a thin tube due to adhesion and cohesion

Front 17

Capsid

Back 17

the protein coat that surrounds a virus

Front 18

Carpel

Back 18

the female part of a flower; consists of the stigma, style, and ovary

Front 19

Chitin

Back 19

complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans, and arachnids

Front 20

Cilium

Back 20

short hairlike projection that produces movement

Front 21

Coevolution

Back 21

a type of mutual adaptation in which two organisms evolve in response to changes in the other

Front 22

Collenchyma

Back 22

cells with moderately thick cell walls that help support a plant

Front 23

Companion Cell

Back 23

type of cell that surrounds phloem sieve tube elements and helps support them

Front 24

Conjugation

Back 24

a process in which a hollow tube forms between two prokaryotes and genetic information is exchanged

Front 25

Cytokinin

Back 25

plant hormone that stimulates cell division and is found in growing roots and developing fruits and seeds

Front 26

Dermal Tissue

Back 26

protective tissue that covers the outside of leaves, roots, and stems

Front 27

Dormancy

Back 27

a period of time when a plant embryo is alive, but it is not growing

Front 28

Endosperm

Back 28

the food-rich tissue inside as eed that sustains a plant embryo until it germinates

Front 29

Epidermis

Back 29

the single layer of cells that make up the dermal tissue

Front 30

Ethylene

Back 30

plant hormone that accelerates the ripening offruit; the only plant hormone that is a gas

Front 31

Filament

Back 31

the stalk within a stamen that has an anther at its tip

Front 32

Flagellum

Back 32

structure used by protists for movement; produces movement in a wavelike motion

Front 33

Food Vocuole

Back 33

a temporary compartment some protists use to store food

Front 34

Fruit

Back 34

one or more mature ovaries of an angiosperm

Front 35

Fruiting Body

Back 35

the reproductive body of a fungus

Front 36

Gametophyte

Back 36

gamete-producing plant; the haploid phase of a plant life cycle

Front 37

Germination

Back 37

the resumption of growth after a period of dormancy

Front 38

Gibberellin

Back 38

plant hormone that stimulates growth especially in stems and fruits

Front 39

Ground Tissue

Back 39

tissue that produces and stores carbohydrates and helps support a plant

Front 40

Guard Cell

Back 40

specialized cells that surround and control the opening and closing of stomata

Front 41

Gullet

Back 41

the deepest part of the oral groove in some protists where food vacuoles form

Front 42

Gymnosperm

Back 42

a plant that produces seeds on cones; conifers

Front 43

Hormone

Back 43

a chemical signal that affects the growth, development, or activity of specific cells or tissues

Front 44

Hypha

Back 44

one of the threadlike elements that make up the mycelium

Front 45

Lichen

Back 45

mutualistic relationship between fungi and green algae

Front 46

Lignin

Back 46

a complex molecule that makes cell walls rigid

Front 47

Lysogenic Infection

Back 47

the type of infection in which a virus does not immediately start replicating itself but inserts a piece of DNA ino the host cell's genome which becomes activated at a later date

Front 48

Lytic Infection

Back 48

a type of infection in which a virus immediately starts replicating in the host cell

Front 49

Macronucleus

Back 49

The larger of two nuclei present in ciliate protozoans, which controls nonreproductive functions of the cell.

Front 50

Meristematic Tissue

Back 50

regions of undifferentiated cells found where plants grow the fastest

Front 51

Micronuleus

Back 51

The smaller of two nuclei in ciliate protozoans that contains genetic material and aids in reproduction.

Front 52

Mycelium

Back 52

the mass of hyphae that make up the main body of a fungus

Front 53

Mycorrhiza

Back 53

mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots

Front 54

Node

Back 54

area where leaves are attached to a stem

Front 55

Nonvascular

Back 55

Containing no plant tissue through which water and food move.

Front 56

Ovary

Back 56

structure that surrounds and protects a seed

Front 57

Ovule

Back 57

the part of a cone in which the female gametophytes develop

Front 58

Palisade Mesophyll

Back 58

tightly-packed layer of cells on the upper side of a leaf that absorbs light

Front 59

Parenchyma

Back 59

cells with thin cell walls that produce and store sugars

Front 60

Pathogen

Back 60

a disease causing agent

Front 61

Petiole

Back 61

thin stalk that attaches a leaf to a stem

Front 62

Phloem

Back 62

vascular tissue that conducts carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis to all parts of the plant

Front 63

Photoperiodism

Back 63

changes in plant growth based on the number of hours of daylight and darkness it receives

Front 64

Phototropism

Back 64

the tendency for a plant to grow toward light

Front 65

Phytochrome

Back 65

a pigment that is responsible for the changes that occur in a plant due to a change in its photoperiod

Front 66

Pistil

Back 66

a single carpel or several fused carpels

Front 67

Pith

Back 67

parenchyma cells inside a ring of vascular tissue in some stems

Front 68

Plasmodium

Back 68

a collection of amoeba-like organisms that make up a slime mold at one stage of their life cycle

Front 69

Pollen Grain

Back 69

the structure that contains the male gametophyte of seed plants

Front 70

Pollen Tube

Back 70

a structure in seed plants which contains two haploid sperm nuclei

Front 71

Pollination

Back 71

the transfer of pollen from the male part of a seed plant to the female part

Front 72

Pressure-flow Hypothesis

Back 72

the hypothesis that sugars move through the phloem due to changes in nutrient concentrations

Front 73

Prophage

Back 73

a piece of virus DNA that becoems a part of a bacterium's genome

Front 74

Pseudopods

Back 74

The term pseudopod means “false feet” in Latin. Pseudopods are projections of the cytoplasm in organisms like Amoeba that are used to move about and capture prey

Front 75

Receptor

Back 75

a protein on a target cell which is shaped in such a way that a hormone can bind to it

Front 76

Retrovirus

Back 76

a virus that, upon infection of a host cell, makes a DNA copy of its RNA and inserts that piece of DNA into the cell's genome

Front 77

Rhizoids

Back 77

thin filaments that anchor bryophytes to the ground

Front 78

Saprophyte

Back 78

organism that gets its nutrients from dead organic materials

Front 79

Slerenchyma

Back 79

cells with very thick cell walls that make protective coatings like a seed coat

Front 80

Seed

Back 80

the diploid embryo, food source, and protective coating of a seed plant

Front 81

Seed Coat

Back 81

the outer, proactive layer of a seed

Front 82

Sieve Tube Element

Back 82

live phloem cells that are arranged end to end forming a tube in which nutrients can move through the plant

Front 83

Sink Cells

Back 83

cells in plant tissue where sugars are to be used or stored

Front 84

Source Cells

Back 84

cells in plant tissue where sugars are made

Front 85

Spongy Mesophyll

Back 85

loosely-packed layer of cells under the palisade mesophyll that allows movement of gases through the leaf

Front 86

Sporangium

Back 86

a capsule in which spores are produced

Front 87

Sporophyte

Back 87

spore-producing plant; the diploid phase of a plant life cycle

Front 88

Stamen

Back 88

the male part of a flower; consists of a filament and an anther

Front 89

Stoma

Back 89

small opening in the surface of a leaf that allows gases and water vapor into and out of the leaf

Front 90

Target Cell

Back 90

cells that are affected by a particular hormone

Front 91

Thigmotropism

Back 91

changes in plant growth due to touch

Front 92

Tracheids

Back 92

hollow, elongated cells in teh xylem with cell walls strengthened by lignin that are adapted for conduction and support

Front 93

Tracheophyte

Back 93

a vascular plant

Front 94

Transpiration

Back 94

the loss of water through leaves

Front 95

Vascular

Back 95

Plant tissue through which water and food move.

Front 96

Vascular Tissue

Back 96

tissue that transports water and nutrients through the plant

Front 97

Vessel Element

Back 97

type of xylem cells that, when mature, form a continuous tube in which water and minerals can move through the plant

Front 98

Xylem

Back 98

vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant