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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism?
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The sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in an organism.
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What is catabolic?
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breaking down large substances into smaller ones
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What is anabolic?
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Building large substances from smaller ones.
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What do carbohydrates do?
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Provide energy eg glucose
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What do proteins do?
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repair cells
growth hormones |
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What are lipids used for?
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Stored food
warmth nerves wrapped in fat |
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What do vitamins and minerals do?
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Work with enzymes
used as a catalyst |
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WHat are nucleic acids for?
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DNA
informatiom |
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What is the definition of metabolic rate?
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The rate at which chemical reaction occur in cells tissues and organs
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What are the monomer of a carbohydrate?
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monosaccharies
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What are the polymer of a carbohydrate?
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polysacccharides
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What are the monomer of protein?
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amino acids
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What are the polymers of proteins?
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polypeptides
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What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
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nucleotides
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What are th polymers of nucleic acids?
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DNA and RNA
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What happens in a condensatiom reaction?
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Water is released
a new bond is formed a larger molecule is formed |
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What happens in a hydroloysis reaction?
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Water molecule is used
a bond is broken 2 smaller molecules are produced |
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Hydrogen bonds
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Slightly positive hydrogen can be attracted towards the negative oxygen of another molecule
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Formula for glucose?
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C^6 H^12 O^6
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Name the 2 isomers of glucose
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alpha glucose and beta glucose
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What are the properties of a monosaccharide?
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Soluble
sweet tasting form crystals |
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How are monosaccharides joined?
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Condensation reaction
creates glycosidic bonds releases water |
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Name the 3 types of polysaccharides which can be stored
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Amylose
Amylopectin Only in plants Glycogen only in animals |
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Name the 3 types of polysaccharides used for structure
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cellulose- plant cell wall
chitin - insect exoskeleton peptidoglycan- bacterial cell wall |
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How is cellulose formed?
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made from beta glucose. Glycosdic bonds are formed by alternating glycosidic bonds to prevent coiling. Straight chains line up next to each other makingnit extremely strong,
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Describe the structure of amylose
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Made of alpha glucose
1-4 glycosidic bonds coiled chain Insoluble harder to break down no osmosis Coiled compact to take up less space |
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Decribe the structure of amylopectin
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Coiled and branched due to 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
faster to break down than amylose still in soluble and compact |
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Which polysaccharides are found in starch?
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amylose and amylopectin
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