Biology Unit 2, Human Anatomy, Ch 8 Nervous System

Front 1

the adjustment of the lens of the eye for focusing on abjects at various distances

Back 1

accommodation

Front 2

the portion of the nervous system that controls such unconscious functions as the activities of the heart, other visceral organs, and various glands

Back 2

autonomic nervous system

Front 3

the point of the retina of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball, at which there are no light-sensitive cells to receive visual messages

Back 3

blind spot

Front 4

the tightly sealed walls of capillaries in the central nervous system that prevent harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms from entering the brain or cerebrospinal fluid

Back 4

blood-brain barrier

Front 5

the outer layer of the cerebrum

Back 5

cerebral cortex

Front 6

the fluid that occupies the ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space of the meninges, and the central canal of the spinal cord; serves to protect and nourish brain and spinal tissue

Back 6

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 7

the portion of the brain that occupies the upper part of the cranial cavity and is responsible for thought, memory, and learned behavior

Back 7

cerebrum

Front 8

tha part of the brain that lies behind the brain stem and just below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum; primary function is to coordinate skeletal muscle activity

Back 8

cerebellum

Front 9

the base of the brain, consisting of the midbrain, pons, and meulla oblongata

Back 9

brain stem

Front 10

a prolonged state of unconsciouness

Back 10

coma

Front 11

a period of paralysis of the central nervous system accompanied by a short period of unconsciousness (usually less than five minutes and rarely more than ten minutes and rarely more than ten minutes) caused by a blow to the head

Back 11

concussion

Front 12

the transport front portion of the outer layer of the eyeball

Back 12

cornea

Front 13

a measurement of the relative intensity or loudness of a sound

Back 13

decibel

Front 14

a tough, tightly stretched membrane of skin in the ear that detects sound vibrations and transmits them by means of special bones to the cochlea

Back 14

eardrum

Front 15

the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that contains the sensory receptors for the sense of hearing

Back 15

cochlea

Front 16

a condition in which the pressure of the fluid inside the eye becomes higherthan normal

Back 16

glaucoma

Front 17

the colored portion of the uvea at the fron of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil

Back 17

iris

Front 18

the front portion of the choroid of the eye that contains the ciliary muscles and adjusts the curvature of the lens for focusing

Back 18

ciliary body

Front 19

a layer of connective tissue of the eye that is rich in blood vessels and provides the eye with nourishment; considered part of the uvea

Back 19

choroid

Front 20

the transparent, convex structure of the eye, behind the iris, that adjusts the focus of light rays passing through it; responsible for accommodation

Back 20

lens

Front 21

the opening in the iris through which light enters the eye

Back 21

pupil

Front 22

a group of several structures located at the core of the brain that are thought to coordinate the activity of the different parts of the brain and seem to be important in generating and regulation emotions and desires

Back 22

limbic system

Front 23

the lowest part of the brain stem, located between the pons and the spinal cord, whose nerve centers control such vital functions as breathing and heartbeat

Back 23

medulla oblongata

Front 24

a triple layer of tissues that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord

Back 24

meninges

Front 25

a physician who specializes in disorders of the nervous system

Back 25

neurologist

Front 26

a biologist who speicalizes in the study of the nervous system

Back 26

neurobiologist

Front 27

a quick, automatic response to a stimulus in which the reve impulse bypasses the brain

Back 27

reflex

Front 28

a period of sleep characterized by small, fast brain waves similar to those of an awake person, accompanied by repid eye movements as thought watching the events of a dream

Back 28

REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep

Front 29

the substance in rod cells that detects light; consists of a moelcule derived from vitamin A suspended in a protein framework; also known as visual purple

Back 29

rhodopsin

Front 30

visual receptor cells located in the eye that are responsible for night vision; also called rods

Back 30

rod cells

Front 31

visual receptor cells located in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision; also called cones

Back 31

cone cells

Front 32

special glial cells that wrap around nerve-cell axons in peripheral nerves, providing them with layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an electrical wire

Back 32

Schwann cell

Front 33

the tough, white outer layer of the eye

Back 33

sclera

Front 34

the pigmented, vascular layer of the eye, consisting of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris

Back 34

uvea

Front 35

the light-sensitive layer of the eye

Back 35

retina

Front 36

partial or complete hearing loss resulting from repeated or prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds

Back 36

sensorineural deafness

Front 37

a serious injury of the nervous system that results when part of the brain is deprived of blood as a result of a blockage or rupture in a blood vessel

Back 37

stroke

Front 38

the pairing of homologous somes in the early stages of meiosis

Back 38

synapse

Front 39

chemoreceptors on the tongue responsible for th sense of taste

Back 39

taste buds

Front 40

a buzzing or ringing in the ears that occurs without any external stimulus; often results from inner-ear damage caused by excessive exposure to loud noises

Back 40

tinnitus

Front 41

a neck injury characterized by pain, muscle spasm, and limited motion of the neck, caused by injury to the spinal nerves that protrude from the cervical vertebrae

Back 41

whiplash