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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are classified as eukaryotes?
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Protist, along with plants, animals, and fungi.
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What are mixotrophs?
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Certain protists that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition.
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What are the 5 supergroups of eukaryotes?
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Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta.
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What are Excavata?
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A recently proposed clade that has emerged from morphological studies of the cytoskeleton. Some members of this diverse group also have excavated feeding groove on one side of the cell body.
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What are Diplomonads?
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They have modified mitochondria called mitosomes. These organelles lack functional electron transport chains and hence cannot use oxygen to help extract energy from carbohydrates and other organic molecules. Instead they get energy from anaerobic biochemical pathways.
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What are Parabasalids?
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Have reduced mitochondria; call hydrogenosomes, these organelles generate some energy anaerobically, releasing hydrogen gas as a by-product.
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What are Euglenozoans?
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Belong to a diverse clade that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and parasites. It has a presence of a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella.
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What are Kinetoplastids?
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Have simple, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA called kinetoplast. These protist include species that feed on prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems, as well as parasitize animals, plants, and other protists.
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What are Euglenid?
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Have a pocket at one end of the cell from which one or two flagella emerge. Many species of this group are mixotrophs: in sunlight they are autotrophic, absorbing organic nutrients from their environment.
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What is Chromalveolata?
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a large, extremely diverse clade of protists, has recently been proposed based on two lines of evidence.
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What are alveolates?
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a group of protists whose monophyly is well supported by molecular systematics. Structurally, species have membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane.
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What are dinoflagellates?
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characterized by cells that are reinforced by cellulose plates. Two flagella located in perpendicular grooves in this armor make them spin as they move through water.
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What are apicomplexans?
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Parasites of animals, and some cause serious human diseases. They spread through their host as tiny infectious cells call sporozoites.
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What are Ciliates?
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A large, varied group of protists named for their use of cilia to move and feed. The cilia may completely cover the cell surface or may be clustered in a few rows or tufts. The presence of two types of nuclei is special.
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What are Stramenopiles?
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a group of marine algae that include some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet, as well as several clades of heterotrophs.
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