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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are all the parts of an animal cell? |
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes and mitochondria |
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What are the parts of a plant cell that are not in an animal cell? |
Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts |
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Do bacterial cells have a nucleus? |
No |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of particles from high to low concentration, |
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What process do cell membranes us to transport substances? |
Diffusion |
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Photosynthesis formula? |
Carbon dioxide + water--> glucose + oxygen |
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What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis? |
Not enough light, not enough CO2, temperature |
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What are the 5 ways that plants use glucose? |
For respiration,making cell walls, making proteins, stored in seeds, stored as starch |
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What are the 5 factors that effect where an organism lives? |
Temperature, water, oxygen and CO2, nutrients and light |
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What tool can be used to study the distribution of organisms? |
A Quadrat |
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What tool can be used to find the distribution of organisms from a certain point. |
A transect with quadrats |
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What are enzymes? |
Catalysts produced by living things |
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What are the requirements for enzymes to work at their optimal efficiency? |
The correct pH and temperature |
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What is special about enzymes? |
Their shape, they have a special shape to fit with each reaction |
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What are the 3 main digestive enzymes? |
Amylase, protease and lipase |
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What does amylase digest? |
Starch into sugars |
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What does protease digest? |
Protein into amino acids |
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What does lipase digest? |
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids |
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What is the role of bile? |
To neutralise the stomach acid in the small intestine, so that the enzymes can work at peak efficiency, it also emulsifies fats(breaks them down so that the reaction can happen faster) |
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Where is amylase made? |
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine |
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Where is protease made? |
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine |
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Where is lipase made? |
Pancreas and the small intestine |
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Respiration= |
Glucose + oxygen --> CO2 + water + energy |
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What is energy uses for in organisms? |
Making larger substances from smaller ones, muscles, heat, in plants to build sugars and such into amino acids |
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What is glucose stored as ? |
Glycogen |
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What is the type of respiration that is done if there is no oxygen available? |
Anaerobic, glucose --> energy + lactic acid |
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What is used in biological detergents? |
Enzymes |
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Advantages of enzymes in industry? |
Saves money, work over a long time, biodegradable |
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Disadvantages to enzymes in industry? |
Some people have allergies, requires precise temperatures, can be expensive to produce, contamination can effect the reaction |
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What order are genes --> DNa in size? |
Nucleus, chromosomes,genes, dna |
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How many divisions does mitosis involve? |
1 |
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How many divisions does meiosis involve? |
2 |
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Which type of division is sexual |
Meiosis |
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How many chromosomes does a cell that is the product of meiosis have ? |
23 |
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What are embryonic stem cells? |
Cells that can become any other type of cell |
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Where are embryonic stem cells taken from? |
Embryos |
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What gender is XY |
Male |
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What were the conclusions that Mendel made? |
Characteristics of organisms are determined by genes, these genes are passed on from parent to child, they can be dominant or recessive |
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What is cystic fibrosis caused by? |
A certain recessive allele. |
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What is polydactyly causes by? |
A certain Dominant allele |
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What causes fossilisation ? |
Gradual replacement by minerals, casts and impressions, preservation |
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What is speciation? |
The development of a new species |
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What causes speciation? |
Isolation and natural selection |
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What is the definition of a species, |
A group of organisms that can interbreed/exchange genes |
