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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell |
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. Basic unit of all forms of life. |
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Cell theory |
Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are basic units of structures and function in living things and new cells are produced from existing cells. |
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Nucleous |
The centre of the atom which contains the cells genetic material (DNA), and controls the cells activities |
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Eukaryote |
Organism whose cells contain nuclei |
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Prokaryote |
Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
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Organelle |
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
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Cytoplasm |
Material inside the cell membrane, not including the nucleus |
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Nuclear envelope |
Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
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Chromosomes |
Thread like structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
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Chromatin |
Granular material visible within the nucleus : consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
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Nucleolus |
Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of protein begin |
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Ribosomes |
Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled, made of RNA and protein |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
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Golgi apparatus |
Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Lyosomes |
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
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Vacuoles |
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
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Mitochondrion / mitochondria |
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convient for the cell to use. |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified. |
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Golgi apparatus |
Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Lyosomes |
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
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Vacuoles |
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates. |
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Cell membrane |
Thin flexible barrier around a cell. Regulates what enters and leaves a cell. |
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Chloroplasts |
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
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Cytoskeleton |
Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
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Centriole |
One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
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Cell wall |
Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria |
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Lipid bilayer |
Double layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
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Concentration |
The mass of solution in a given volume of solution or mass /volume. |
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Diffusion |
Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
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Equilibrium |
When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Isotonic |
When the concentration of two solutions is the same |
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Hypertonic |
When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutions. |
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Hypotonic |
When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutions |
