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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A process in which monomers are combined together to form polymers. |
POLYMERIZATION |
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Biological macromolecules that are formed by smaller molecules by polymerization process. |
POLYMERS |
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A biological macromolecule that is made up of many smaller molecules called monosaccharides. |
CARBOHYDRATES |
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They are made up of one molecule and called monosaccharide or formed by two molecules of monosaccharides and are called disaccharides. |
SIMPLE SUGARS
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They are made up of one molecule consisted of a chain of carbon atoms, each of them connected to hydrogen and oxygen in a certain way. |
MONOSACCHARIDES |
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They are formed by 2 molecules of monosaccharides linked together. |
DISACCHARIDES |
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They are made up of many monosaccharides molecules linked together. |
COMPLEX SUGARS |
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They are biological macromolecules made up of many smaller molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
LIPIDS |
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They are formed by reaction of fatty acids and alcohol. |
SIMPLE LIPIDS |
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Solid substances that are formed by reaction of saturated fatty acids with glycerol. |
FATS |
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Liquid substances that are formed by reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with glycerol. |
OILS |
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Substances that are formed by reaction of high molecular weight fatty acids with monohydric alcohols. |
WAXES |
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(CHOPhN) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen are involved in their structures. |
COMPLEX LIPIDS |
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They are derived by hydrolisis of simple and complex lipids. |
DERIVATIVE LIPIDS |
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They are biological macromolecules that are made up of many smaller molecules called amino acids. |
PROTEINS |
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They are the building units of proteins. |
AMINO ACID |
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They are the acidic group that enters the structure of amino acid. |
CARBOXYL GROUP (COOH) |
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They are the basic group that enters the structure of amino acid. |
AMINO GROUP (NH2) |
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It is a group that is found in the amino acid and characterised it from another amino acid. |
TERMINAL GROUP (R) |
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A chemical bond linking amino acids together. |
PEPTIDE BOND |
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It is a compound formed by a combination of 2 amino acids. |
DIPEPTIDE COMPOUND |
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A chain composed of several amino acids linked together by peptide bond. |
POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN |
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They are proteins that are formed by amino acids only. |
SIMPLE PROTEINS |
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They are proteins that are formed by amino acids with other elements. |
CONJUGATED PROTEINS |
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They are biological macromolecules that are made up of many smaller molecules called nucleotides. |
NUCLEIC ACIDS |
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They are the building units of nucleic acids. |
NUCLEOTIDES |
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It is a five-carbon sugar that enters the structure of RNA. |
RIBOSE SUGAR |
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It is a five-carbon sugar that enters the structure of DNA. |
DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR |
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It is a nucleic acid that enters in composition of chromosomes and carries the genetics of a living organisms. |
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) |
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It is a nucleic acid that is responsible for synthesizing proteins. |
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) |
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It is the reagent used to detect simple sugars (glucose) in various foods. (colour turns to orange) |
BENEDICT'S REAGENT |
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They are present in cell membranes of plants and animals. |
PHOSPHOLIPIDS |
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- It is soluble in water. - It has low molecular weight. - It has sweet taste. ex: glucose (mono), sucrose (di) |
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES |
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- It is insoluble in water. - It has high molecular weight. - It doesn't have sweet taste. ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose |
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES |
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Glucose molecule + Galactose molecule = ? |
LACTOSE (MILK SUGAR) |
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Glucose molecule + Fructose molecule = ? |
SUCROSE (CANE SUGAR) |
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Glucose molecule + Glucose molecule = ? |
MALTOSE (MALT SUGAR) |
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What are the importance of carbohydrates? |
1. basic and fast resources for energy 2. used for storing energy, until the organism requires it ~> Plants store carbs in the form of starch. ~> Humans & animals store carbs in the form of glycogen in the cells of liver and muscles. 3. basic components in some parts of the cell. ~> Cellulose in cell walls of root of plant cells. ~> Carbs in cell membranes and protoplasm. |
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Lipids are formed by union of __________. |
3 FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL (an alcohol that contains 3 hydroxide (OH) groups) |
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They contain single bonds only between carbon atoms in the molecule of acid. |
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS |
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They contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms in the molecule of acid. |
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS |
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What are the importance of lipids? |
1. important source for obtaining energy. 2. energy from lipids > energy from carbs 3. represent 5% of organic materials involving the composition of the cell 4. involved in the structure of cell membrane (phospholipids) 5. work as thermal insulator (fats) 6. work as protective cover (waxes) 7. involved in some structure of hormones (steriods) |
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It is the reagent used to detect fats in different foods. (colour turns to red) |
SUDAN - 4 REAGENT |
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How many types of amino acids participate in building of proteins? |
20 TYPES |
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A protein that is present in the leaves & roots of plants and human blood plasma. |
ALBUMIN |
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Amino Acids + Nucleic Acids = ? |
CHROMATIN (nucleic protein) |
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Amino Acids + Phosphorus = ? |
CASEIN (Phosphoprotein) |
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Amino Acids + Iodine = ? |
THYROXINE (Secreted from thyroid gland)
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Amino acids + Iron = ? |
HAEMOGLOBIN (inside red blood cells) |
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It is the reagent used to detect proteins in various foods. (colour turns into violet) |
BIURET'S REAGENT |
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What are the importance of proteins? |
1. basic components of cell membranes & chromosomes 2. they form the muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs, glands, hair, nails, and skin. 3. involved in the structure of blood and lymph 4. necessary for body growth 5. involved in the structure of enzymes & several hormones |
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It contains five carbon atoms. |
PENTOSE SUGAR MOLECULE |
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It is connected to the carbon atom number 5 of the sugar molecule. |
PHOSPHATE GROUP |
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It is connected to the carbon atom number 1 of the sugar molecule. |
NITROGENOUS BASE |
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It is a group of biochemical reactions taking place inside the living cells. |
METABOLISM |
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What is the importance of metabolism? |
1. necessary for growth 2. repairing damaged tissues 3. obtaining energy |
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It is the process of breaking down of macromolecules into simple ones to extract energy stored in the chemical bonds of these molecules. |
CATABOLISM |
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It is the process of using simple molecules for building more complex substances throughout the chain of chemical reactions that consume energy. |
ANABOLISM |
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They are biological catalysts made up of protein molecules and increase the speed of chemical reactions inside the cell. |
ENZYMES |
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It is the minimum energy needed in order for a chemical reaction to occur. |
ACTIVATION ENERGY |
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What are the factors affecting the speed of enzyme action? |
1. temperature 2. hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 3. enzyme concentration 4. substrate concentration 5. presence of inhibitors |
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It is the temperature at which the enzyme is more active. |
ENZYME OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE |
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It is the temperature at which the enzyme is less active. |
ENZYME MINIMAL TEMPERATURE |
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It is a measurement determining the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution. |
POWER OF HYDROGEN (pH) |
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The potential of hydrogen at which the enzyme works with maximum efficiency. |
OPTIMAL pH OF ENZYME |
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They are compounds that contain mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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They are compounds that don't contain carbon atoms. |
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
