Biology Unit 2 - Vocabulary

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

the substance that make up an object

Front 2

Hydrolysis

Back 2

a chemical process in which the interaction of a compound with water results in the breaking down of that compound

Front 3

Dehydration Synthesis

Back 3

the act or process of forming a complex substance by combining two or more chemical entities, especially through a chemical reaction

Front 4

Polymerization

Back 4

is a chemical process of combining single molecules into groups called polymers

Front 5

Lipid

Back 5

a fatty or waxy organic compound

Front 6

Saturated

Back 6

smaller molecules of fat that become solid during binding. they are single bond atoms of hydrogen and carbon and the chain is full of hydrogen.

Front 7

Unsaturated

Back 7

larger molecules of fat that remain in the liquid form and do not bond together. they are bonds of atoms of hydrogen and carbon and the chain is lacking in hydrogen.

Front 8

Triglyceride

Back 8

A type of lipid.

Neutral fats that store energy, protect organs, and insulate body tissue.

Front 9

Physical Change

Back 9

when a state of property changes (for example from liquid to gas)

These can be reserved

Front 10

Compound

Back 10

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in specific ratios

Front 11

Carbohydrate

Back 11

Used to protect organisms. It can be found in the cell wall.

Front 12

Monosaccharide

Back 12

a simple sugar

the simplest form of carbohydrate; therefore, it cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis

Example: glucose

Front 13

Dissaccharide

Back 13

a sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides

it yields two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

Example: sucrose

Front 14

Polysaccharide

Back 14

A complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides

Example:

Front 15

Benedict's Solution

Back 15

a chemical solution that changes color to a orange-red color in the presence of glucose and other reducing sugars

Front 16

Biuret's solution

Back 16

a chemical solution that changes color to produce a violet-blue color in the presence of protein.

Front 17

Iodine

Back 17

a iodine/water solution that reacts with the starch, producing a purple-black color

Front 18

Chemical Changes

Back 18

results in the formation of one or more new

substances. these changes occur at the molecular level.

Front 19

Element

Back 19

a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means

is made up of atoms all with identical number of protons.

Front 20

Protein

Back 20

macromolecules that contain nitrogen, as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

example:

Front 21

Enzyme

Back 21

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of

biological reactions

Front 22

Amino Acid

Back 22

compound with an amino group on one and and carboxyl group on the other end

Front 23

Substrate

Back 23

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction of caused by an

enzyme

Front 24

Active site

Back 24

the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front 25

PH, acid, base

Back 25

PH - power of the element hydrogen in a substance

Acid - Low on PH scale

Base - High on PH scale

Front 26

Heat or vaporization

Back 26

the change from liquid to vapor of an element. It can be done through evaporation or boiling.

Front 27

Atom

Back 27

The smallest unit of matter that cannot be

broken up further by chemical means.

An atom is consisting of a nucleus surrounded by one or more shells of electrons.

Front 28

Water

Back 28

H20 - a compound formed by a ratio of 2 molecules of water and 1 of oxygen

Front 29

Covalent bond

Back 29

covalent bonds are formed when electrons in the outer orbit are shared between two atoms.

With this type of bond formed, molecules can rotate around their shared electrons and change shapes

Front 30

Polar

Back 30

a compound bearing a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other

Front 31

Hydrogen bond

Back 31

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Front 32

Cohesion

Back 32

the attraction between like molecules

the sticking together of like molecules

Front 33

Adhesion

Back 33

the attraction between unlike molecules

or the attraction between the surfaces of contacting molecules.

Front 34

Surface tension

Back 34

the attraction of molecules to each other on a surface creating a barrier between the molecules, and anything else that is next to, or on the surface

Front 35

Capillary Action

Back 35

If a capillary tube is made of glass or any other substance that is polar, water will climb up inside it without having to be pumped.

The attraction is so great between the water molecules and the molecules of the tube that water will climb against the rules of gravity.

Front 36

Heat capacity

Back 36

the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree