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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does penicillin affect a bacterial cell?
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It makes holes in the cell wall. Water enters the cell through osmosis until the cell bursts.
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A process of sexual reproduction where two bacteria exchange genetic information
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Conjugation
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What are the seven parts of a bacterial cell?
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Capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, pilus, flagellum, chromosome, and plasmid
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A strong structure made by a bacteria to protect it during harsh conditions
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Endospore
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Bacteria that are killed by oxygen
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obligate anaerobe
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Why is it possible that bacteria-like cells were the first living organisms?
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When the Earth was young there was no oxygen in the air. Some bacteria don't need oxygen to survive.
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How do bacteria avoid osmotic rupture (bursting)?
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By having a strong, intact cell wall
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Poison made by bacteria
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Toxin
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Type of asexual reproduction when a bacterial cell splits into two identical cells
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binary fission
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Process of organisms making food by using inorganic compounds like sulfur and nitrogen
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chemosynthesis
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Bacteria that require oxygen for cellular respiration
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obligate aerobes
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Process where bacteria convert nitrogen from the air into ammonia that can be used by plants and animals
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nitrogen fixation
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Sticky, gel-like covering over the cell wall of some bacteria
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capsule
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Strong covering over the plasma membrane of bacterial cells which give it shape and protects it from bursting
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cell wall
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Single, circular DNA molecule, not enclosed in a nucleus, containing most of a bacteria's genes
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chromosome
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Long, whip-like things that help bacteria move
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flagellum
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small, circular piece of DNA where some bacterial genes are located
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plasmid
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hair-like things on the outside of a bacterial cell which helps it to stick to things and reproduce
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pilus
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flexible covering of a bacterial cell which controls what can enter and leave the cell
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plasma membrane
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Name the two kingdoms of bacteria
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Archaebacteria and eubacteria
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In what types of environments are archaebacteria found?
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Extreme environments - no oxygen, high temperatures, or very salty
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