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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classification
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multilevel grouping of individuals
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genus
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group
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binomial (binomial system)
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a simpler system of naming animals, plants, and other oganismls of Linnaeus
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species
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a particular kind of organism
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polynomials (polynomial system)
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strings of latin words and phrases consisting of uo to 12 or more words
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taxon
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a group of organisms at a particular level in a classification system
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taxonomy
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branch of biology that identifies and names such groups of organisms
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scientific name
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species name
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family
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the genera with similar properties
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order
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genera with similar families
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class
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orders with common properties
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phylum
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classes with similar characteristics
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kingdoms
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a division of six the phyla are assigned to
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a species, what is
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all the individuals that belong to it can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring
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biological species concept
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species as groups that are reproductively isolated. Hybrids (offspring of different species that mate) occur rately in nature, whereas individuals hat belong to the same species are able to interbreed freely
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phylogeny
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the evolutionary history of an organism and its relationship to other species
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phylogenic trees
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the reconstruction and study of evolutionary trees
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systematics
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the naming and classyfying of organisms
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clade
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a group of organisms related by descent
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cladistics
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the approach to constructing a phylogeny in a descent
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derived characters
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the similarites derived from a common ancestor
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cladogram
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a branching diagram that represents the phylogeny
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outgroup
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a rather different organism to serve as a baseline for comparisons among the other organisms being evaluated
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ingroup
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the other organisms being evaluated
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traditional taxonomy
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phylogenies are constructed based on a vast amount of info about the morphology and biology of the organism gathered over a long period of time. TTs use both ancestral and derived characers to construct their trees, cladists use only derived characters
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Animalia/Plantaw
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contain only organisms that are multicellular during most of their life cycle
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fungi
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no motile cells, contain multicellular forms and single celled yeasts, mostly multicellular ancestors
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protista
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algae and microscopic water organisms, all of which are unicellular during important parts of their life cycle
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archae and bacteria
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prokaryotic organisms, cause disease or use in industry.
Methogens and thermophiles |
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domains
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a taxonomic level higher thhan a kingdom. (archaea, eukarya, bacteria)
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Methanogens
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obtain energy by using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane gas
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Extremophiles
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able to grow under conditions that seem extreme to us
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Nonextreme archaea
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grow in the same environments bacteria do
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signature sequences
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dna present in all archaea and in no other organisms
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