Biology Test One

Front 1

Three kinds of muscle

Back 1

1. Smooth Muscle
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle

Front 2

Functions of Muscle

Back 2

Motion
Locomotion
Movement of though the body
Thermogenesis

Front 3

Thermogenesis

Back 3

Production of heat

Front 4

Central Nervous System

Back 4

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 5

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 5

Nerves attached to the cranial

Front 6

Functions of nerve tissue

Back 6

Communication among parts of one organism

Front 7

Integumentary System

Back 7

Skin and associated structures

Front 8

Epidermis

Back 8

No blood vessels
Only in dermis and subcutaneous

Front 9

Melanocytes

Back 9

Produces skin pigment melanin upon exposure to UV light

Front 10

Oil glands....

Back 10

1. Lubricate hair shaft and stratum corneum
2. Water proofs hair shaft and stratum corneum
3. Serves as food for skin bacteria --ex. pimples

Front 11

Sweat gland functions

Back 11

1. Thermo-regulation of body temperatures by evaporative cooling
2. Excretion-the removal of metabolic wastes from the body
3. Chemical signals

Front 12

Functions of Adipose

Back 12

1. Energy reservior
2. Thermal insulator
3. Shock absorber-cushion
4. Starting point for synthesis for body chemicals

Front 13

Major functions of the Integumentary System

Back 13

1. Protection against....
2. Sensory perception
3. Thermo-regulation
4. Excretion
5. Energy Storage-calories
6. Synthesis of vitamin D upon exposure to sunlight

Front 14

Integumentary System protects against...

Back 14

-UV light damage
-Water-proof(no easy gain or loss of water through the skin)
-Chemical proof
-Pathogen proof
-Mechanical damage

Front 15

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Back 15

UNIT TWO

Front 16

2 components of the skeletal system

Back 16

1. Bone
2. Cartilage

Front 17

Connective tissues

Back 17

1. Bone
2. Cartilage

Front 18

Three types of Cartilage

Back 18

1. Hyaline Cartilage
2. Elastic Cartilage
3. Fibrous Cartilage

Front 19

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 19

EX: end of nose, where two bones meet together

Front 20

Elastic Cartilage

Back 20

EX: Ear(external ear-pinna)

Front 21

Fibro Cartilage

Back 21

EX: Intervertabrail disc, backbone-vertabrae

Front 22

Chondrocyte

Back 22

living cartilage that produce matrix

Front 23

Volkman Canals

Back 23

Connect one Haversion canal to other Haversion Canals

Front 24

Canaliculi

Back 24

Carry oxygen and glucose from blood to haversion canal to the osteocytes

Front 25

Major types of joints

Back 25

-Hinge Joints
-Ball and socket joints
-Gliding joints
-Pivot joint
-Immovable joint
-Partially movable joint

Front 26

Hinge Joints

Back 26

freedom and movement on one geometric plane

Front 27

Ball and socket joint

Back 27

Provides the most freedom of movement of all the joints
Humerous and scapula--femur and pelvis

Front 28

Gliding Joint

Back 28

AKA sliding joint

Front 29

Pivot Joint

Back 29

Atlas and axis

Front 30

Immovable Joints

Back 30

Bones fused together-bones of the skull

Front 31

Partially Movable Joints

Back 31

Between sacraman ilium and two pubic bones in woman

Front 32

Major functions of the skeletal system

Back 32

1. Protection
2. Attachment sites for muscles
3. Reservior for salts of calcium
4. All blood cells produced by bone marrow

Front 33

Muscular System

Back 33

UNIT TWO

Front 34

Types of Muscles

Back 34

1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle

Front 35

Where are skeletal muscles found?

Back 35

Attached to skeleton

Front 36

What are skeletal muscles functions?

Back 36

Motion and locomotion

Front 37

Skeletal muscles have....

Back 37

Many nuclei per cell
Rod-shaped
Striations

Front 38

Cell Membrane on skeletal muscles is called the ___________

Back 38

Sarcolemma

Front 39

Where are smooth muscles found?

Back 39

In walls of hollow organs and structures

Front 40

What are the functions of smooth muscles?

Back 40

Movement of substances(food) though the body

Front 41

Smooth Muscles have....

Back 41

One nucleus per cell
Tapered on ends
Spindle shaped
NO striations

Front 42

Where are cardiac muscles found?

Back 42

The heart

Front 43

What are the functions of cardiac muscles?

Back 43

Pumps blood though the body

Front 44

Cardiac muscles have....

Back 44

One nucleus per cell
Branched cells
Intercaculated discs
Striations

Front 45

All or none Law of Muscle Contraction

Back 45

1. One muscle cell can contract 100% or 0%
2. ONE motor unit can contract 100% or 0%
3. ONE sarcomere can contract 100% or 0%

Front 46

Muscle Tone= Tonus= Firmness=

Back 46

a few motor units at a time take turns actively contracting and relaxing

Front 47

What is the strongest tendon in our body?

Back 47

Achilles Tendon

Front 48

Latent Period

Back 48

The period of time after a muscle was stimulated but before it begins to contract

Front 49

Refractory Period

Back 49

The period of time during muscle contraction which additional stimulation does not result in additional contraction

Front 50

Functions of the Muscular System

Back 50

1. Motion
2. Locomotion
3. Movement of substances through the body
4. Thermogenesis

Front 51

Digestive System

Back 51

UNIT FOUR

Front 52

Ingestion=

Back 52

eating

Front 53

Digestion=

Back 53

The chemical break down of large macro-molecules in to their building blocks

Front 54

Absorption=

Back 54

Movement of breakdown products from digestive tract into circulatory system for distribution throughout the body

Front 55

Salivary Glands

Back 55

Paratoid gland
Submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Front 56

Homoestasis

Back 56

The means by which organisms maintain a constant internal environment in spite of fluctuations in the external environment

Front 57

Substances from a Haversion Canal are transported to lacuna by channels called

Back 57

Canaliculi

Front 58

Large Intestine contains...

Back 58

1. Cecum and appendix
2. ascending colon
3. transverse colon
4. descending colon
5. sigmoid colon
6. rectum

Front 59

Maltase breaks into __________ in the intestinal glands

Back 59

maltose

Front 60

Maltose breaks into

Back 60

glucose and glucose

Front 61

Sucrase breaks into _________ in the intestinal gland

Back 61

sucrose

Front 62

Sucrose breaks into

Back 62

a glucose and a fructose

Front 63

Lactase breaks ________ in the intestinal gland into....

Back 63

lactose

Front 64

Lactose breaks into

Back 64

a glucose and a glactose

Front 65

Aminopeptidase breaks ______in the intestinal gland down to amino acids

Back 65

protiens

Front 66

Peristalsis

Back 66

Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle

Front 67

Bile

Back 67

produced by the LIVER and stored in the GALLBLADDER

Front 68

__________ is not a digestive enzyme

Back 68

Bile

Front 69

Bile _________ fats

Back 69

emulsifies

Front 70

Work horse of digestive glands

Back 70

pancreas

Front 71

Pancreas Enzymes

Back 71

1. Trypsin
2. Chymotrypsin
3. Carboxypeptidase
4. Lipase
5. Amylase
6. DNAase
7. RNAase

Front 72

Lipase

Back 72

breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Front 73

Amylase

Back 73

breaks starches down into maltose

Front 74

DNAase

Back 74

breaks DNA into nucleotides

Front 75

RNAase

Back 75

breaks RNA into nucleotides

Front 76

Digestion happens in the.....

Back 76

1. Mouth
2. Stomach
3. Small Intestine

Front 77

Small Intestine is made of the

Back 77

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Front 78

In order of the digestive tract, what are the sphincters?

Back 78

1. Cardiac Sphincter
2. Pyloric Sphincter
3. Ileocecal valve
4. Anal Sphincter

Front 79

The _______ duct carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Back 79

Bile

Front 80

Living bone cell is called

Back 80

Osteocyte

Front 81

Haversion canals are made of

Back 81

Blood vessels and nerves

Front 82

The osteocytes produce

Back 82

matrix

Front 83

The subcutaneous layer contains

Back 83

blood vessels
free nerve endings
Adipose cells

Front 84

The top four layers of the epidermis are called the

Back 84

stratum corneum

Front 85

The stratum corneum are _____________ filled with ________ ________

Back 85

dead cells filled with keratin protien

Front 86

The bottom layer of the epidermis is called the

Back 86

stratum germinativum

Front 87

In the stratum germinativum....

Back 87

living cells undergo constant mitosis